May 3, 2025
Big Book Idea
Good spiritual leaders can have a powerful impact.
And he did what was right in the eyes of the LORD according to all that his father Uzziah had done, except he did not enter the temple of the LORD. But the people still followed corrupt practices.
1 Joash 1 24:1 Spelled Jehoash in 2 Kings 12:1 was seven years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years in Jerusalem. His mother's name was Zibiah of Beersheba. 2 And Joash did what was right in the eyes of the LORD all the days of Jehoiada the priest. 3 Jehoiada got for him two wives, and he had sons and daughters.
4 After this Joash decided to restore the house of the LORD. 5 And he gathered the priests and the Levites and said to them, “Go out to the cities of Judah and gather from all Israel money to repair the house of your God from year to year, and see that you act quickly.” But the Levites did not act quickly. 6 So the king summoned Jehoiada the chief and said to him, “Why have you not required the Levites to bring in from Judah and Jerusalem the tax levied by Moses, the servant of the LORD, and the congregation of Israel for the tent of testimony?” 7 For the sons of Athaliah, that wicked woman, had broken into the house of God, and had also used all the dedicated things of the house of the LORD for the Baals.
8 So the king commanded, and they made a chest and set it outside the gate of the house of the LORD. 9 And proclamation was made throughout Judah and Jerusalem to bring in for the LORD the tax that Moses the servant of God laid on Israel in the wilderness. 10 And all the princes and all the people rejoiced and brought their tax and dropped it into the chest until they had finished. 2 24:10 Or until it was full 11 And whenever the chest was brought to the king's officers by the Levites, when they saw that there was much money in it, the king's secretary and the officer of the chief priest would come and empty the chest and take it and return it to its place. Thus they did day after day, and collected money in abundance. 12 And the king and Jehoiada gave it to those who had charge of the work of the house of the LORD, and they hired masons and carpenters to restore the house of the LORD, and also workers in iron and bronze to repair the house of the LORD. 13 So those who were engaged in the work labored, and the repairing went forward in their hands, and they restored the house of God to its proper condition and strengthened it. 14 And when they had finished, they brought the rest of the money before the king and Jehoiada, and with it were made utensils for the house of the LORD, both for the service and for the burnt offerings, and dishes for incense and vessels of gold and silver. And they offered burnt offerings in the house of the LORD regularly all the days of Jehoiada.
15 But Jehoiada grew old and full of days, and died. He was 130 years old at his death. 16 And they buried him in the city of David among the kings, because he had done good in Israel, and toward God and his house.
17 Now after the death of Jehoiada the princes of Judah came and paid homage to the king. Then the king listened to them. 18 And they abandoned the house of the LORD, the God of their fathers, and served the Asherim and the idols. And wrath came upon Judah and Jerusalem for this guilt of theirs. 19 Yet he sent prophets among them to bring them back to the LORD. These testified against them, but they would not pay attention.
20 Then the Spirit of God clothed Zechariah the son of Jehoiada the priest, and he stood above the people, and said to them, “Thus says God, ‘Why do you break the commandments of the LORD, so that you cannot prosper? Because you have forsaken the LORD, he has forsaken you.’” 21 But they conspired against him, and by command of the king they stoned him with stones in the court of the house of the LORD. 22 Thus Joash the king did not remember the kindness that Jehoiada, Zechariah's father, had shown him, but killed his son. And when he was dying, he said, “May the LORD see and avenge!” 3 24:22 Or and require it
23 At the end of the year the army of the Syrians came up against Joash. They came to Judah and Jerusalem and destroyed all the princes of the people from among the people and sent all their spoil to the king of Damascus. 24 Though the army of the Syrians had come with few men, the LORD delivered into their hand a very great army, because Judah 4 24:24 Hebrew they had forsaken the LORD, the God of their fathers. Thus they executed judgment on Joash.
25 When they had departed from him, leaving him severely wounded, his servants conspired against him because of the blood of the son 5 24:25 Septuagint, Vulgate; Hebrew sons of Jehoiada the priest, and killed him on his bed. So he died, and they buried him in the city of David, but they did not bury him in the tombs of the kings. 26 Those who conspired against him were Zabad the son of Shimeath the Ammonite, and Jehozabad the son of Shimrith the Moabite. 27 Accounts of his sons and of the many oracles against him and of the rebuilding 6 24:27 Hebrew founding of the house of God are written in the Story 7 24:27 Or Exposition of the Book of the Kings. And Amaziah his son reigned in his place.
1 Amaziah was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned twenty-nine years in Jerusalem. His mother's name was Jehoaddan of Jerusalem. 2 And he did what was right in the eyes of the LORD, yet not with a whole heart. 3 And as soon as the royal power was firmly his, he killed his servants who had struck down the king his father. 4 But he did not put their children to death, according to what is written in the Law, in the Book of Moses, where the LORD commanded, “Fathers shall not die because of their children, nor children die because of their fathers, but each one shall die for his own sin.”
5 Then Amaziah assembled the men of Judah and set them by fathers' houses under commanders of thousands and of hundreds for all Judah and Benjamin. He mustered those twenty years old and upward, and found that they were 300,000 choice men, fit for war, able to handle spear and shield. 6 He hired also 100,000 mighty men of valor from Israel for 100 talents 8 25:6 A talent was about 75 pounds or 34 kilograms of silver. 7 But a man of God came to him and said, “O king, do not let the army of Israel go with you, for the LORD is not with Israel, with all these Ephraimites. 8 But go, act, be strong for the battle. Why should you suppose that God will cast you down before the enemy? For God has power to help or to cast down.” 9 And Amaziah said to the man of God, “But what shall we do about the hundred talents that I have given to the army of Israel?” The man of God answered, “The LORD is able to give you much more than this.” 10 Then Amaziah discharged the army that had come to him from Ephraim to go home again. And they became very angry with Judah and returned home in fierce anger. 11 But Amaziah took courage and led out his people and went to the Valley of Salt and struck down 10,000 men of Seir. 12 The men of Judah captured another 10,000 alive and took them to the top of a rock and threw them down from the top of the rock, and they were all dashed to pieces. 13 But the men of the army whom Amaziah sent back, not letting them go with him to battle, raided the cities of Judah, from Samaria to Beth-horon, and struck down 3,000 people in them and took much spoil.
14 After Amaziah came from striking down the Edomites, he brought the gods of the men of Seir and set them up as his gods and worshiped them, making offerings to them. 15 Therefore the LORD was angry with Amaziah and sent to him a prophet, who said to him, “Why have you sought the gods of a people who did not deliver their own people from your hand?” 16 But as he was speaking, the king said to him, “Have we made you a royal counselor? Stop! Why should you be struck down?” So the prophet stopped, but said, “I know that God has determined to destroy you, because you have done this and have not listened to my counsel.”
17 Then Amaziah king of Judah took counsel and sent to Joash the son of Jehoahaz, son of Jehu, king of Israel, saying, “Come, let us look one another in the face.” 18 And Joash the king of Israel sent word to Amaziah king of Judah, “A thistle on Lebanon sent to a cedar on Lebanon, saying, ‘Give your daughter to my son for a wife,’ and a wild beast of Lebanon passed by and trampled down the thistle. 19 You say, ‘See, I 9 25:19 Hebrew you have struck down Edom,’ and your heart has lifted you up in boastfulness. But now stay at home. Why should you provoke trouble so that you fall, you and Judah with you?”
20 But Amaziah would not listen, for it was of God, in order that he might give them into the hand of their enemies, because they had sought the gods of Edom. 21 So Joash king of Israel went up, and he and Amaziah king of Judah faced one another in battle at Beth-shemesh, which belongs to Judah. 22 And Judah was defeated by Israel, and every man fled to his home. 23 And Joash king of Israel captured Amaziah king of Judah, the son of Joash, son of Ahaziah, at Beth-shemesh, and brought him to Jerusalem and broke down the wall of Jerusalem for 400 cubits, 10 25:23 A cubit was about 18 inches or 45 centimeters from the Ephraim Gate to the Corner Gate. 24 And he seized all the gold and silver, and all the vessels that were found in the house of God, in the care of Obed-edom. He seized also the treasuries of the king's house, also hostages, and he returned to Samaria.
25 Amaziah the son of Joash, king of Judah, lived fifteen years after the death of Joash the son of Jehoahaz, king of Israel. 26 Now the rest of the deeds of Amaziah, from first to last, are they not written in the Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel? 27 From the time when he turned away from the LORD they made a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem, and he fled to Lachish. But they sent after him to Lachish and put him to death there. 28 And they brought him upon horses, and he was buried with his fathers in the city of David. 11 25:28 Hebrew of Judah
1 And all the people of Judah took Uzziah, who was sixteen years old, and made him king instead of his father Amaziah. 2 He built Eloth and restored it to Judah, after the king slept with his fathers. 3 Uzziah was sixteen years old when he began to reign, and he reigned fifty-two years in Jerusalem. His mother's name was Jecoliah of Jerusalem. 4 And he did what was right in the eyes of the LORD, according to all that his father Amaziah had done. 5 He set himself to seek God in the days of Zechariah, who instructed him in the fear of God, and as long as he sought the LORD, God made him prosper.
6 He went out and made war against the Philistines and broke through the wall of Gath and the wall of Jabneh and the wall of Ashdod, and he built cities in the territory of Ashdod and elsewhere among the Philistines. 7 God helped him against the Philistines and against the Arabians who lived in Gurbaal and against the Meunites. 8 The Ammonites paid tribute to Uzziah, and his fame spread even to the border of Egypt, for he became very strong. 9 Moreover, Uzziah built towers in Jerusalem at the Corner Gate and at the Valley Gate and at the Angle, and fortified them. 10 And he built towers in the wilderness and cut out many cisterns, for he had large herds, both in the Shephelah and in the plain, and he had farmers and vinedressers in the hills and in the fertile lands, for he loved the soil. 11 Moreover, Uzziah had an army of soldiers, fit for war, in divisions according to the numbers in the muster made by Jeiel the secretary and Maaseiah the officer, under the direction of Hananiah, one of the king's commanders. 12 The whole number of the heads of fathers' houses of mighty men of valor was 2,600. 13 Under their command was an army of 307,500, who could make war with mighty power, to help the king against the enemy. 14 And Uzziah prepared for all the army shields, spears, helmets, coats of mail, bows, and stones for slinging. 15 In Jerusalem he made machines, invented by skillful men, to be on the towers and the corners, to shoot arrows and great stones. And his fame spread far, for he was marvelously helped, till he was strong.
16 But when he was strong, he grew proud, to his destruction. For he was unfaithful to the LORD his God and entered the temple of the LORD to burn incense on the altar of incense. 17 But Azariah the priest went in after him, with eighty priests of the LORD who were men of valor, 18 and they withstood King Uzziah and said to him, “It is not for you, Uzziah, to burn incense to the LORD, but for the priests, the sons of Aaron, who are consecrated to burn incense. Go out of the sanctuary, for you have done wrong, and it will bring you no honor from the LORD God.” 19 Then Uzziah was angry. Now he had a censer in his hand to burn incense, and when he became angry with the priests, leprosy 12 26:19 Leprosy was a term for several skin diseases; see Leviticus 13 broke out on his forehead in the presence of the priests in the house of the LORD, by the altar of incense. 20 And Azariah the chief priest and all the priests looked at him, and behold, he was leprous in his forehead! And they rushed him out quickly, and he himself hurried to go out, because the LORD had struck him. 21 And King Uzziah was a leper to the day of his death, and being a leper lived in a separate house, for he was excluded from the house of the LORD. And Jotham his son was over the king's household, governing the people of the land.
22 Now the rest of the acts of Uzziah, from first to last, Isaiah the prophet the son of Amoz wrote. 23 And Uzziah slept with his fathers, and they buried him with his fathers in the burial field that belonged to the kings, for they said, “He is a leper.” And Jotham his son reigned in his place.
1 Jotham was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem. His mother's name was Jerushah the daughter of Zadok. 2 And he did what was right in the eyes of the LORD according to all that his father Uzziah had done, except he did not enter the temple of the LORD. But the people still followed corrupt practices. 3 He built the upper gate of the house of the LORD and did much building on the wall of Ophel. 4 Moreover, he built cities in the hill country of Judah, and forts and towers on the wooded hills. 5 He fought with the king of the Ammonites and prevailed against them. And the Ammonites gave him that year 100 talents 13 27:5 A talent was about 75 pounds or 34 kilograms of silver, and 10,000 cors 14 27:5 A cor was about 6 bushels or 220 liters of wheat and 10,000 of barley. The Ammonites paid him the same amount in the second and the third years. 6 So Jotham became mighty, because he ordered his ways before the LORD his God. 7 Now the rest of the acts of Jotham, and all his wars and his ways, behold, they are written in the Book of the Kings of Israel and Judah. 8 He was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem. 9 And Jotham slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the city of David, and Ahaz his son reigned in his place.
The text nowhere directly identifies its author, but traditionally he has been called “the Chronicler.” He was either a priest or Levite who was employed in the service of the temple during the Persian period (539–332 B.C.). He had scribal training and access to the temple records.
Events | Dates | Passages |
---|---|---|
Foundation of the Davidic monarchy | c. 1010–931 B.C. | 1 Chronicles 10–2 Chronicles 9 |
History of Judah from the division of the kingdom until its fall | 931–586 | 2 Chron. 10:1–36:21 |
Babylonian captivity | 586–538 | 2 Chron. 36:17–21 |
Cyrus’s decree | 538 | 2 Chron. 36:22–23 |
The central theme of Chronicles is God’s covenant with David as the basis of Israel’s life and hope. The Davidic covenant is expressed in two institutions: the monarchy and the temple. These institutions are related (1 Chron. 17:10b–14), and together they represent God’s kingdom in Israel (2 Chron. 13:5, 8). The Davidic covenant does not replace the Mosaic covenant but builds on it for the new age of the monarchy and the temple.
Judah and Benjamin, the only surviving tribes of Israel, had returned to the land after the Babylonian exile. They had rebuilt the temple in Jerusalem. But in many ways it seemed like they were still in exile (see Ezra 9:6–15; Neh. 9:32–36). There were questions about Israel’s place in God’s purposes and the meaning of his ancient promises to David. With such questions in mind, the Chronicler wrote his books to promote spiritual and social renewal. He presented an interpretation of Israel’s past, drawing mainly on the books of Samuel and Kings. He showed how the nation’s unfaithfulness to God had led to disaster but also how its faithful kings and people had experienced God’s blessing.
Second, the genealogies makes it clear that all 12 tribes were descended from Jacob’s sons (1 Chron. 2:1). The Chronicler’s history of the divided kingdom (2 Chronicles 10–36) focuses mainly on Judah and Benjamin. But he tries to show that the northern tribes are still a part of Israel, even though they rebelled against the rightful Davidic king (2 Chron. 13:5).
While the Chronicler does focus on the nation’s kings and its priesthood, he also includes many stories that highlight the participation of ordinary people in the life of the nation.
David’s many battles eventually established Israel as the dominant power in Syria and Palestine. David expanded Israel’s borders until, by the end of his reign, he controlled all of Israel, Edom, Moab, Ammon, Syria, and Zobah. Other kingdoms, such as Tyre and Hamath, made treaties with him.
Solomon’s reign marked the high point of Israel’s power and wealth in biblical times. His father David had given him a kingdom that included Edom, Moab, Ammon, Syria, and Zobah. Solomon would later bring the kingdom of Hamath-zobah under his dominion as well, and his marriage to Pharaoh’s daughter sealed an alliance with Egypt. His expansive kingdom controlled important trade routes between several major world powers, including Egypt, Arabia, Mesopotamia, and Anatolia (Asia Minor).
How does Chronicles differ from Samuel and Kings? The books of 1–2 Samuel and 1–2 Kings show that the Lord drove Israel and Judah from their land because of their sin. The books of 1–2 Chronicles agree that Israel sinned and suffered exile as a result. They also show that God still had a purpose for his people.
Do the books of Chronicles have a main theme? The central theme of 1–2 Chronicles is how God’s covenant with David provided an enduring hope for Israel, even in its darkest hours.
Second Chronicles covers a span of more than 400 years and the reigns of 20 different kings.
Thistles (25:18) are flowering plants known for their sharp outer edges. This discourages animals from feeding on the plant. In the Bible, thistles often represent God’s curse on the land.
Events | Dates | Passages |
---|---|---|
Foundation of the Davidic monarchy | c. 1010–931 B.C. | 1 Chronicles 10–2 Chronicles 9 |
History of Judah from the division of the kingdom until its fall | 931–586 | 2 Chron. 10:1–36:21 |
Babylonian captivity | 586–538 | 2 Chron. 36:17–21 |
Cyrus’s decree | 538 | 2 Chron. 36:22–23 |
1 Chronicles | 2 Samuel | |
---|---|---|
Genealogies | 1:1–9:44 | |
Death of Saul and sons | 10:1–14 | 1 Sam. 31:1–2 Sam. 1:16 |
Lament for Saul | 1:17–27 | |
David king of Judah | 2:1–7 | |
War between house of Saul and David; Ish-bosheth made king | 2:8–3:1 | |
David’s sons in Hebron | 3:2–5 | |
Abner helps David | 3:6–21 | |
Joab kills Abner | 3:22–39 | |
Ish-bosheth killed | 4:1–12 | |
David king of Judah and Israel | 11:1–3 | 5:1–5 |
Conquest of Jerusalem | 11:4–9 | 5:6–10 |
David’s mighty men | 11:10–47 | 23:8–39 |
David’s men at Ziklag | 12:1–22 | |
Celebration at Hebron | 12:23–40 | |
Attempted return of ark; death of Uzzah | 13:1–14 | 6:1–11 |
David’s house built | 14:1–2 | 5:11–12 |
David’s children in Jerusalem | 14:3–7 | 5:13–16 |
David defeats Philistines | 14:8–17 | 5:17–25 |
Spiritual preparation for the ark’s return | 15:1–24 | |
Ark brought to Jerusalem | 15:25–16:6 | 6:12–19 |
David and Michal | 6:20–23 | |
David’s psalm of praise | 16:7–43 | |
David’s desire to build the temple | 17:1–2 | 7:1–3 |
Davidic covenant | 17:3–15 | 7:4–17 |
David’s prayer of praise | 17:16–27 | 7:18–29 |
David’s victories | 18:1–13 | 8:1–14 |
David’s officials | 18:14–17 | 8:15–18 |
David helps Mephibosheth | 9:1–13 | |
Ammonites defeated | 19:1–15 | 10:1–14 |
Syrians defeated | 19:16–19 | 10:15–19 |
Ammonites defeated | 20:1–3 | 11:1; 12:26–31 |
David and Bathsheba | 11:2–12:25 | |
Amnon, Tamar, and Absalom | 13:1–14:33 | |
Absalom’s rebellion | 15:1–19:43 | |
Sheba’s rebellion | 20:1–26 | |
Famine; death of Saul’s sons | 21:1–14 | |
War with Philistines; the Philistine giants | 20:4–8 | 21:15–22 |
David’s psalm of deliverance | 22:1–51 | |
David’s last words | 23:1–7 | |
David’s census | 21:1–27 | 24:1–25 |
David plans for the temple | 21:28–22:5 | |
David’s charge to Solomon and the leaders | 22:6–19 | |
David organizes temple personnel | 23:1–26:32 | |
Israel’s military | 27:1–15 | |
Israel’s leaders | 27:16–34 | |
David’s charge to Israel; affirmation of Solomon | 28:1–10 | |
Pattern for the temple | 28:11–21 | |
Offerings for the temple | 29:1–9 | |
David’s prayer of thanks for the temple | 29:10–19 | |
1 Kings | ||
David and Abishag | 1:1–4 | |
Adonijah claims the throne | 1:5–27 | |
Solomon’s coronation | 29:20–25 | 1:28–40 |
David instructs Solomon | 2:1–9 | |
Death of David | 29:26–30 | 2:10–11 |
Solomon establishes his kingdom | 2:12–46 | |
2 Chronicles | ||
Solomon marries Pharaoh’s daughter | 3:1–3 | |
Solomon at Gibeon | 1:1–6 | 3:4 |
God gives Solomon wisdom | 1:7–12 | 3:5–14 |
Solomon’s wise judgment | 3:16–28 | |
Solomon’s prosperity | 1:14–17 | 4:20–34 |
Preparations for the temple | 2:1–18 | 5:1–18 |
Temple built | 3:1–5:1 | 6:1–38;7:13–51 |
Solomon’s palace | 7:1–12 | |
Ark brought to the temple | 5:2–12 | 8:1–9 |
God’s glory fills the temple | 5:13–14 | 8:10–11 |
Solomon blesses the people | 6:1–11 | 8:12–21 |
Solomon consecrates the temple | 6:12–42 | 8:22–61 |
Fire from the Lord consumes the sacrifices | 7:1–3 | |
Solomon and the people offer sacrifices | 7:4–7 | 8:62–64 |
Feast of Tabernacles | 7:8–10 | 8:65–66 |
The covenant confirmed | 7:11–22 | 9:1–9 |
Solomon’s territory increases | 8:1–6 | 9:10–19 |
Solomon’s enemies defeated | 8:7–10 | 9:20–23 |
Solomon’s religious practices | 8:11–16 | 9:24–25 |
Solomon’s economic operations | 8:17–18 | 9:26–28 |
Queen of Sheba visits | 9:1–12 | 10:1–13 |
Solomon’s wealth | 9:13–28 | 10:14–29 |
Solomon’s apostasy and adversaries | 11:1–40 | |
Death of Solomon | 9:29–31 | 11:41–43 |
Division of the kingdom | 10:1–11:23 | 12:1–33 |
Man of God from Judah warns Jeroboam (Israel) | 13:1–34 | |
Ahijah’s prophecy against Jeroboam | 14:1–18 | |
Death of Jeroboam | 14:19–20 | |
Shishak invades Judah | 12:1–12 | 14:25–28 |
Reign of Rehoboam (Judah) | 12:13–16 | 14:21–24,29–31 |
War between Judah and Israel | 13:1–22 | 15:1–8 |
Evaluation of Asa (Judah) | 14:1–8 | 15:9–12 |
Ethiopians defeated | 14:9–15 | |
Azariah the prophet | 15:1–7 | |
Asa’s reforms | 15:8–19 | 15:13–15 |
Asa defeats Syria | 16:1–10 | 15:16–22 |
Death of Asa | 16:11–14 | 15:23–24 |
Reigns of Nadab, Baasha, Elah, Zimri, Omri (Israel) | 15:25–16:28 | |
Ahab becomes king (Israel) | 16:29–34 | |
Elijah | 17:1–19:18;21:17–29 | |
Call of Elisha | 19:19–21 | |
Ahab conquers Syria, acquires Naboth’s vineyard | 20:1–21:29 | |
Evaluation of Jehoshaphat (Judah) | 17:1–9 | |
Expansion of Judah | 17:10–19 | |
Jehoshaphat’s alliance with Ahab; death of Ahab | 18:1–34 | 22:1–40 |
Jehoshaphat’s reforms, crisis, and deliverance | 19:1–20:30 | |
Reign of Jehoshaphat | 20:31–37 | 22:41–50 |
Reign of Ahaziah (Israel) | 22:51–53 | |
2 Kings | ||
Death of Ahaziah; Elijah’s prophecy | 1:1–18 | |
Elijah and Elisha | 2:1–25 | |
Evaluation of Jehoram (Israel) | 3:1–3 | |
Moab rebels | 3:4–27 | |
The widow’s oil | 4:1–7 | |
The Shunammite woman | 4:8–37 | |
Miracles for the prophets | 4:38–44 | |
Naaman healed | 5:1–27 | |
The axe head recovered | 6:1–7 | |
Chariots of fire | 6:8–23 | |
Siege of Samaria | 6:24–7:20 | |
Shunammite’s land restored | 8:1–6 | |
Hazael kills Ben-hadad | 8:7–15 | |
Evaluation of Jehoram (Judah) | 21:1–7 | 8:16–19 |
Edom and Libnah rebel | 21:8–11 | 8:20–22 |
Warning of Elijah | 21:12–15 | |
Invasion of Philistia and Arabia | 21:16–17 | |
Death of Jehoram | 21:18–20 | 8:23–24 |
Reign of Ahaziah (Judah) | 22:1–9 | 8:25–29; 9:15–16, 27–28; 10:12–14 |
Reign of Jehu (Israel) | 22:7–9 | 9:1–10:36 |
Reign of Athaliah (Judah) | 22:10–23:15 | 11:1–16 |
Jehoiada’s reforms (Judah) | 23:16–21 | 11:17–20 |
Evaluation of Joash (Judah) | 24:1–3 | 11:21–12:3 |
Joash repairs the temple | 24:4–14 | 12:4–16 |
Death of Jehoiada | 24:15–16 | |
Jehoiada’s son killed | 24:17–22 | |
Syria invades Judah | 24:23–24 | 12:17–18 |
Death of Joash | 24:25–27 | 12:19–21 |
Reign of Jehoahaz (Israel) | 13:1–9 | |
Reign of Jehoash (Israel) | 13:10–13 | |
Elisha’s final prophecy and death | 13:14–25 | |
Reign of Amaziah (Judah) | 25:1–16 | 14:1–20 |
Israel defeats Judah | 25:17–24 | 14:8–14 |
Death of Amaziah | 25:25–28 | 14:17–20 |
Evaluation of Uzziah (Judah) | 26:1–5 | 14:21–22; 15:1–5 |
Reign of Jeroboam II (Israel) | 14:23–29 | |
Victories of Uzziah | 26:6–15 | |
Sinful offering of Uzziah | 26:16–21 | |
Death of Uzziah | 26:22–23 | 15:6–7 |
Reign of Zechariah (Israel) | 15:8–12 | |
Reign of Shallum (Israel) | 15:13–16 | |
Reign of Menahem (Israel) | 15:17–22 | |
Reign of Pekahiah (Israel) | 15:23–26 | |
Reign of Pekah (Israel) | 15:27–31 | |
Reign of Jotham (Judah) | 27:1–9 | 15:32–38 |
Evaluation of Ahaz (Judah) | 28:1–4 | 16:1–4 |
Israel defeats Judah | 28:5–21 | 16:5–9 |
Ahaz’s idolatry and death | 28:22–27 | 16:10–12 |
Fall of Israel | 17:1–23 | |
Resettlement of Israel | 17:24–41 | |
Evaluation of Hezekiah (Judah) | 29:1–2 | 18:1–8 |
Hezekiah cleanses the temple | 29:3–19 | |
Hezekiah restores temple worship | 29:20–36 | |
Hezekiah restores Passover | 30:1–27 | |
Hezekiah destroys idols, organizes priests | 31:1–21 | |
Fall of Israel (restated) | 18:9–12 | |
Assyria invades Judah | 32:1–23 | 18:13–19:37 |
Hezekiah’s illness and restoration | 32:24–26 | 20:1–11 |
Hezekiah’s wealth and foolish pride | 32:27–31 | 20:12–19 |
Death of Hezekiah | 32:32–33 | 20:20–21 |
Reign of Manasseh (Judah) | 33:1–9 | 21:1–18 |
Manasseh’s repentance | 33:10–20 | |
Reign of Amon (Judah) | 33:21–25 | 21:19–26 |
Evaluation of Josiah (Judah) | 34:1–2 | 22:1–2 |
Josiah’s early reforms | 34:3–7 | |
Josiah repairs the temple | 34:8–13 | 22:3–7 |
Book of Law discovered; Josiah’s reforms | 34:14–33 | 22:8–23:20 |
Passover celebrated | 35:1–19 | 23:21–27 |
Death of Josiah | 35:20–27 | 23:28–30 |
Reign of Jehoahaz (Judah) | 36:1–3 | 23:31–33 |
Reign of Jehoiakim (Judah) | 36:4–8 | 23:34–24:7 |
Reign of Jehoiachin (Judah); Babylonian captivity | 36:9–10 | 24:8–17 |
Evaluation of Zedekiah (Judah) | 36:11–12 | 24:18–20 |
Destruction of Jerusalem | 36:13–21 | 25:1–21 |
Remnant flees to Egypt | 25:22–26 | |
Jehoiachin released | 25:27–30 | |
Proclamation by Cyrus | 36:22–23 |
Uzziah was 16 years old when he became king, following the assassination of his father, Amaziah. Like many kings before him, Uzziah’s reign began with a period of faithfulness and blessing: “as long as he sought the LORD, God made him prosper” (26:5). But this was followed by a period of sin, leading to punishment from the Lord. Uzziah successfully battled the Philistines and demanded tribute from the Ammonites. His fame spread far and wide. Sadly, Uzziah’s success led to pride, and he began to desire spiritual as well as political authority over the people. Ignoring God’s law, he entered the temple to burn incense and was confronted by the priests. Rather than repent of his actions, Uzziah grew angry. The Lord immediately struck him with leprosy, forcing him to withdraw from his royal duties. (2 Chronicles 26:3–5)
2 Chron. 24:2 Joash did what was right. See note on 2 Kings 12:2–3.
2 Chron. 24:3 got for him two wives. Jehoiada acts to ensure that the Davidic line will continue after being nearly destroyed by Athaliah.
2 Chron. 24:4 restore. Athaliah and her family had defiled and damaged the temple (v. 7).
2 Chron. 24:5–6, 9 repair the house of your God. See note on 2 Kings 12:4–5.
2 Chron. 24:8–11 all the people rejoiced and brought their tax. See 1 Chron. 29:6–9. The Chronicler wants his readers to see God’s service at the temple not as a burden but as a joyful duty (see Ex. 36:2–7).
2 Chron. 24:14 The revival of temple worship lasted all the days of Jehoiada. After Jehoiada dies and is no longer there to guide him, Joash becomes spiritually unfaithful.
2 Chron. 24:15–22 Jehoiada’s burial among the kings is unique for a high priest. the king listened to them. Without Jehoiada’s influence, Joash follows evil advice.
23:1–24:27 Joash. Joash’s rule marks the restoration of the throne from the usurper, Queen Athaliah, to the rightful Davidic king. It also marks Judah’s return to its covenant commitment to the Lord (23:16). Spiritual reforms take place in large part through the influence of the high priest Jehoiada, who is Joash’s uncle and becomes his counselor. Things begin going badly, however, after Jehoiada’s death. Joash is the first of three kings (followed by Amaziah and Uzziah) whose reigns begin on a positive note but end in failure or disgrace because they reject godly advice.
2 Chron. 24:1–27 Loosely adapted from 2 Kings 11:21–12:21, supplemented with the Chronicler’s own material (see 2 Chron. 24:27).
2 Chron. 24:23–27 Judah’s defeat by the smaller Syrian army is a sign of divine judgment.
2 Chron. 25:2 yet not with a whole heart. Second Kings 14:4 mentions that Amaziah failed to remove the high places.
2 Chron. 25:5–16 These verses describe the background and aftermath of the war against Edom (see 2 Kings 14:7).
Thistles (25:18) are flowering plants known for their sharp outer edges. This discourages animals from feeding on the plant. In the Bible, thistles often represent God’s curse on the land.
2 Chron. 25:17–24 wild beast . . . trampled down the thistle. See note on 2 Kings 14:9–10. The Israelite king Joash interprets Amaziah’s invitation as a challenge to battle. Amaziah’s refusal to listen to Joash’s blunt advice was of God, that is, subject to his sovereign control (compare 2 Chron. 10:15; 22:7). Obed-edom. See 1 Chron. 13:14; 26:15.
25:1–28 Amaziah. Throughout his reign, Amaziah is halfhearted in his loyalty to God. His final failure comes after a steady degeneration.
2 Chron. 25:25–28 The conspiracy against Amaziah (see note on 2 Kings 14:19) began when he turned away from the LORD, perhaps referring to 2 Chron. 25:14, 20.
2 Chron. 26:1 Elsewhere, Uzziah is called “Azariah” (2 Kings 15:1, 6–7; 1 Chron. 3:12). The Chronicler may have called him Uzziah here to avoid confusion with the chief priest Azariah (2 Chron. 26:17–20).
2 Chron. 26:2 the king slept with his fathers. See note on 1 Kings 2:10.
2 Chron. 26:3 The long reign of Uzziah included co-regencies with his father Amaziah (796–767 B.C.) and his son Jotham (750–733). Isaiah’s prophetic ministry began during Uzziah’s reign (Isa. 1:1; 6:1).
2 Chron. 26:5 Zechariah was a religious adviser to Uzziah, as Jehoiada was for Joash (24:2). Nothing else is known about Zechariah.
2 Chron. 26:6–8 Uzziah won victories over the Philistines in the west and southwest. He then built settlements in the conquered territories. The Arabians and Meunites (see 20:1) were nomadic groups in the south.
2 Chron. 26:9–10 Corner Gate. See 25:23. Uzziah promoted farming throughout the wilderness of Judah and the Negeb, the foothills of the Shephelah (west of Jerusalem), and the coastal plain.
2 Chron. 26:16–20 Unfaithful means offending God’s holiness or failing to worship him appropriately (see “broke faith” in note on 1 Chron. 2:3–8). Uzziah violated God’s holiness by trespassing in the temple, which was for the priests and Levites only. He also tried to offer incense, which only the priests were allowed to do (see Ex. 30:1–10; Num. 16:40).
2 Chron. 26:21 Because of his leprosy, Uzziah had to withdraw from his royal duties (see Lev. 13:46; Num. 5:1–4), and Jotham became co-regent.
2 Chron. 26:22 Isaiah the prophet . . . wrote. This does not refer to the canonical book bearing his name, but to another work by this prophet. No copy of this work exists. See note on 32:32–33.
26:1–23 Uzziah. Compare 2 Kings 15:2–7. The Chronicler emphasizes God’s blessing on Uzziah’s long reign (792–740 B.C.) but also the cause of his eventual downfall.
2 Chron. 26:21–23 Because he was a leper to the day of his death (see note on 2 Kings 15:5), King Uzziah was not buried in the royal tombs of Jerusalem but in a field.
Uzziah was 16 years old when he became king, following the assassination of his father, Amaziah. Like many kings before him, Uzziah’s reign began with a period of faithfulness and blessing: “as long as he sought the LORD, God made him prosper” (26:5). But this was followed by a period of sin, leading to punishment from the Lord. Uzziah successfully battled the Philistines and demanded tribute from the Ammonites. His fame spread far and wide. Sadly, Uzziah’s success led to pride, and he began to desire spiritual as well as political authority over the people. Ignoring God’s law, he entered the temple to burn incense and was confronted by the priests. Rather than repent of his actions, Uzziah grew angry. The Lord immediately struck him with leprosy, forcing him to withdraw from his royal duties. (2 Chronicles 26:3–5)
2 Chron. 27:2 Corrupt practices probably refers to worship at the high places (see note on 2 Kings 15:34–35).
2 Chron. 27:3b–6 Ophel. The higher part of the area between the Temple Mount and the city of David (33:14; Neh. 3:26). Ammonites. See 2 Chron. 26:8.
2 Chron. 27:7 His wars may include the beginning of the “Syro-Ephraimite War” (see 2 Kings 15:37 and note).
If you were to ask me who my favorite superhero is, I would say Spider-Man! With a family of three brothers, I watched the movie often. One of my favorite lines from the movie is when Peter Parker's uncle says to Peter, "With great power comes great responsibility." It reminds me of Jesus' words in Luke 12:48: "Everyone to whom much was given, of him much will be required . . . ." Peter Parker was just a normal human like you and me, but once he became Spider-Man and possessed great spider powers, he then had the responsibility to save his city.
Like Spider-Man, the kings in the Old Testament were given "much" responsibility. The kings were instructed to obey the Lord's commandments and lead His people on the right path. When they failed, God chose a new king to guide them back.
In 2 Chronicles 24-27, we also see several kings given "much" responsibility. Both Joash and Amaziah began their reigns by doing "what was right in the eyes of the LORD," but later they fell into idolatry and worshiped false gods. The next king, Uzziah, disobeyed the Lord and burned incense in the temple, which only the priests were allowed to do. His son Jotham reigned in his place and did many good things for the Lord. However, we see that he failed to remove the high places (2 Kings 15:35), and "the people still followed corrupt practices" (2 Chronicles 27:2). Jotham did not lead God's people away from their sins.
Romans 3:10-12 says, "None is righteous, no, not one . . . . no one does good, not even one." Some of the kings we see in the Old Testament did good things. But in God's eyes, none of them were good or righteous people. They all eventually turned to their own ways or failed to lead God's people. The good news for us, as believers, is that through the line of these "bad" kings comes the Good Messiah—King, Jesus! Jesus made a way for us to be made right, or "good," in God's eyes through Jesus' death on the cross, burial, and resurrection.
This month's memory verse
"The Lord gave, and the Lord has taken away; blessed be the name of the Lord.”
1. In light of Romans 3:10-12, how does understanding your shortcomings deepen your appreciation for Jesus' sacrifice? Do you see yourself as a "good" person? Why or why not?
2. Jotham did many good things while he was a king, but he failed to remove the high places (where pagan worship was performed). What are some "high places" in your life that you need to remove? Consider confessing this to your community today!
3. God calls His believers to be godly examples in their communities. What are some practical ways you can encourage or admonish others in your personal life to reflect Christ?