August 2, 2024
Big Book Idea
Thinking and feeling God's way.
Come and see what God has done:
he is awesome in his deeds toward the children of man.
1
Shout for joy to God, all the earth;
2
sing the glory of his name;
give to him glorious praise!
3
Say to God, “How awesome are your deeds!
So great is your power that your enemies come cringing to you.
4
All the earth worships you
and sings praises to you;
they sing praises to your name.” Selah
5
Come and see what God has done:
he is awesome in his deeds toward the children of man.
6
He turned the sea into dry land;
they passed through the river on foot.
There did we rejoice in him,
7
who rules by his might forever,
whose eyes keep watch on the nations—
let not the rebellious exalt themselves. Selah
8
Bless our God, O peoples;
let the sound of his praise be heard,
9
who has kept our soul among the living
and has not let our feet slip.
10
For you, O God, have tested us;
you have tried us as silver is tried.
11
You brought us into the net;
you laid a crushing burden on our backs;
12
you let men ride over our heads;
we went through fire and through water;
yet you have brought us out to a place of abundance.
13
I will come into your house with burnt offerings;
I will perform my vows to you,
14
that which my lips uttered
and my mouth promised when I was in trouble.
15
I will offer to you burnt offerings of fattened animals,
with the smoke of the sacrifice of rams;
I will make an offering of bulls and goats. Selah
16
Come and hear, all you who fear God,
and I will tell what he has done for my soul.
17
I cried to him with my mouth,
and high praise was on
1
66:17
Hebrew under
my tongue.
2
66:17
Or and he was exalted with my tongue
18
If I had cherished iniquity in my heart,
the Lord would not have listened.
19
But truly God has listened;
he has attended to the voice of my prayer.
20
Blessed be God,
because he has not rejected my prayer
or removed his steadfast love from me!
Individual psalms come from diverse periods of Israel’s history, but at every stage they served as the songbook of God’s people. David wrote about half of the Psalms. His role as king was more than that of a ruler. He was to represent and even embody the people, and their well-being was tied to his faithfulness. David, then, writes as a representative, and the readers must discern whether the emphasis of a psalm is more on his role as ruler or more on his role as ideal Israelite, in which he is an example for all. The historical occasions mentioned in the psalm titles help the reader see how faith applies to real-life situations.
The Psalter is fundamentally the hymnbook of God’s people. It takes the basic themes of OT theology and turns them into song:
The Psalms can be identified according to some basic categories:
Laments, which lay a troubled situation before the Lord, asking him for help. There are community (Psalm 12) and individual (Psalm 13) laments. This category is the largest by far, including up to a third of all Psalms.
Hymns of praise, which call God’s people to admire his great attributes and deeds. Examples include Psalms 8; 93; and 145.
Hymns of thanksgiving. As with laments, there are community (Psalm 9) and individual (Psalm 30) thanksgiving psalms.
Hymns celebrating God’s law (Psalm 119).
Wisdom psalms (Psalms 1; 37), which reflect themes from the Wisdom Books (Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon).
Songs of confidence, which enable worshipers to deepen their trust in God amid difficult circumstances (Psalm 23).
Royal psalms, which present the Davidic monarchy as the vehicle of blessing for God’s people. Some of these are prayers (Psalm 20), some are thanksgivings (Psalm 21). All relate to the Messiah, the ultimate heir of David, either by setting a pattern (Psalms 20–21) or by portraying the king’s reign in such a way that only the Messiah can completely fulfill it (Psalms 2; 72), or by focusing on the future (Psalm 110).
Historical psalms, which take lessons from the history of God’s dealings with his people (Psalm 78).
Prophetic hymns, which echo the Prophets, calling people to covenant faithfulness (Psalm 81).
The standard Hebrew text divides the Psalms into five “books,” perhaps in imitation of the five books of the Pentateuch.
Book 1 | Psalms 1–41 | Psalms 1–2 provide an introduction to the Psalms as a whole. Except for Psalms 10 and 33, the remaining psalms of Book 1 are psalms of David. Most of them are prayers of distress. Others are statements of confidence in the God who alone can save (e.g., 9; 11; 16; 18), striking the note that concludes the book (40–41). Reflections on ethics and worship are found in Psalms 1; 14–15; 19; 24; and 26. |
Book 2 | Psalms 42–72 | Book 2 introduces the first group of psalms by the “sons of Korah” (42; 44–49; 50). There are also more psalms of David (51–65; 68–69), including most of the “historical” psalms (51–52; 54; 56–57; 59–60; 63). Once again, lament and distress dominate these prayers, which now also include a communal voice (e.g., 44; compare 67; 68). The lone psalm attributed to Solomon concludes Book 2 with a look at God’s ideal for Israel’s kings—ultimately pointing to Christ as the final great King of God’s people. |
Book 3 | Psalms 73–89 | The tone darkens further in Book 3. The opening Psalm 73 starkly questions the justice of God before seeing light in God’s presence. That light has almost escaped the psalmist in Psalm 88, the bleakest of all psalms. Book 2 ended with the high point of royal aspirations; Book 3 concludes in Psalm 89 with these expectations badly threatened. Sharp rays of hope occasionally pierce the darkness (e.g., 75; 85; 87). The brief third book contains most of the psalms of Asaph (73–83), as well as another set of Korah psalms (84–85; 87–88). |
Book 4 | Psalms 90–106 | Psalm 90 opens the fourth book of the psalms. It may be seen as the first response to the problems raised by Book 3. Psalm 90, attributed to Moses, reminds the worshiper that God was active on Israel’s behalf long before David. This theme is taken up in Psalms 103–106, which summarize God’s dealings with his people before any kings reigned. In between there is a group of psalms (93–100) characterized by the refrain “The LORD reigns.” This truth refutes the doubts of Psalm 89. |
Book 5 | Psalms 107–150 | The structure of Book 5 reflects the closing petition of Book 4 in 106:47. It declares that God does answer prayer (107) and concludes with five Hallelujah psalms (146–150). In between there are several psalms affirming the validity of the promises to David (110; 132; 144), two collections of Davidic psalms (108–110; 138–145); the longest psalm, celebrating the value of God’s law (119); and 15 psalms of ascent for use by pilgrims to Jerusalem (120–134). |
What was the main purpose of the Psalms for the people of God? The Psalms were the songbook of the people of God when they gathered for worship.
What is a psalm of lament? The main purpose of a psalm of lament is to tell the Lord about a difficult situation, to ask him for his help, and to praise him for helping. Some laments are community, congregational psalms. Others are individual, personal laments. One third of all the Psalms are psalms of lament.
What defined someone as an “enemy” of the people of Israel? The “enemies” mentioned in the Psalms (e.g., 18:17) were people hostile to the faith of God’s people. Sometimes they expressed their hatred by physically attacking the people of Israel, while other times they merely rejoiced when Israel faced misfortunes.
What does Selah mean? Although the word Selah is found 39 times in the book of Psalms, its exact meaning is uncertain. Most scholars believe it is a musical term or a term to be used by a worship leader, possibly to mark a pause.
Snares (38:12) were traps used to catch birds and animals. Some snares used ropes or nets that would be triggered as soon as the bait was touched. Pits disguised with sticks and leaves were also used as snares. In the Psalms, snares serve as symbols of danger or death at the hands of the wicked.
A helpful guide. The writers of the Psalms understood the importance of constant communication with God. They knew that God would hear their prayers, and they trusted him to act on their behalf. Believers today can benefit greatly by patterning their prayers after specific psalms.
The standard Hebrew text divides the Psalms into five “books,” perhaps in imitation of the five books of the Pentateuch.
Book 1 | Psalms 1–41 | Psalms 1–2 provide an introduction to the Psalms as a whole. Except for Psalms 10 and 33, the remaining psalms of Book 1 are psalms of David. Most of them are prayers of distress. Others are statements of confidence in the God who alone can save (e.g., 9; 11; 16; 18), striking the note that concludes the book (40–41). Reflections on ethics and worship are found in Psalms 1; 14–15; 19; 24; and 26. |
Book 2 | Psalms 42–72 | Book 2 introduces the first group of psalms by the “sons of Korah” (42; 44–49; 50). There are also more psalms of David (51–65; 68–69), including most of the “historical” psalms (51–52; 54; 56–57; 59–60; 63). Once again, lament and distress dominate these prayers, which now also include a communal voice (e.g., 44; compare 67; 68). The lone psalm attributed to Solomon concludes Book 2 with a look at God’s ideal for Israel’s kings—ultimately pointing to Christ as the final great King of God’s people. |
Book 3 | Psalms 73–89 | The tone darkens further in Book 3. The opening Psalm 73 starkly questions the justice of God before seeing light in God’s presence. That light has almost escaped the psalmist in Psalm 88, the bleakest of all psalms. Book 2 ended with the high point of royal aspirations; Book 3 concludes in Psalm 89 with these expectations badly threatened. Sharp rays of hope occasionally pierce the darkness (e.g., 75; 85; 87). The brief third book contains most of the psalms of Asaph (73–83), as well as another set of Korah psalms (84–85; 87–88). |
Book 4 | Psalms 90–106 | Psalm 90 opens the fourth book of the psalms. It may be seen as the first response to the problems raised by Book 3. Psalm 90, attributed to Moses, reminds the worshiper that God was active on Israel’s behalf long before David. This theme is taken up in Psalms 103–106, which summarize God’s dealings with his people before any kings reigned. In between there is a group of psalms (93–100) characterized by the refrain “The LORD reigns.” This truth refutes the doubts of Psalm 89. |
Book 5 | Psalms 107–150 | The structure of Book 5 reflects the closing petition of Book 4 in 106:47. It declares that God does answer prayer (107) and concludes with five Hallelujah psalms (146–150). In between there are several psalms affirming the validity of the promises to David (110; 132; 144), two collections of Davidic psalms (108–110; 138–145); the longest psalm, celebrating the value of God’s law (119); and 15 psalms of ascent for use by pilgrims to Jerusalem (120–134). |
Romans 3 | OT Reference |
---|---|
Sinful Condition | |
v. 10, none is righteous | Ps. 14:3/53:3; Eccles. 7:20 |
v. 11a, no one understands | Ps. 14:2/53:2 |
v. 11b, no one seeks for God | Ps. 14:2/53:2 |
v. 12, all have turned aside; together they have become worthless; no one does good, not even one | Ps. 14:3/53:3 |
Sinful Speech (note progression from throat to tongue to lips) | |
v. 13a, b, their throat is an open grave; they use their tongues to deceive | Ps. 5:10, Septuagint (English, 5:9) |
v. 13c, the venom of asps is under their lips | Ps. 140:3 |
v. 14, their mouth is full of curses and bitterness | Ps. 10:7 |
Sinful Action | |
v. 15, their feet are swift to shed blood | Prov. 1:16/Isa. 59:7 |
v. 16, in their paths are ruin and misery | Isa. 59:7 |
v. 17, and the way of peace they have not known | Isa. 59:8 |
Summary Statement | |
v. 18, there is no fear of God before their eyes | Ps. 36:1 |
Ps. 66:1–4 These opening verses begin with a universal call (Shout for joy to God, all the earth) and end by declaring how all the earth worships the true God. Nature honors its Creator (see 19:1–6), and the OT often expresses the hope that one day all mankind will do so as well (e.g., 117:1).
Ps. 66:5–7 Since Israel exists to bring God’s light to the world (Ex. 19:5–6), what God has done for Israel he has done for all peoples—he is awesome in his deeds toward the children of man. Verses 8–12 of Psalm 66 continue to develop this thought as it calls all peoples to bless Israel’s God.
Ps. 66:13–15 The focus now shifts from Israel as a whole to a particular worshiper (I). A person in Israel (including sojourners) could make a vow to the Lord in a time of need. He could fulfill the vow with burnt offerings or vow offerings (perform my vows); see Lev. 22:18 and Num. 15:3. The psalm presents such offerings as joyful occasions.
Psalm Ps. 66. This is a thanksgiving for God’s answer to the prayer of one particular member of God’s people. The first half (vv. 1–12) describes God’s deeds for that particular person in the context of his commitment to the people as a whole.
Ps. 66:16–20 The OT insists that each person must individually profess faith in God. Thus each one would have some report of what God has done for his soul (and not just for the people as a whole). To have cherished iniquity in my heart is to long for what is vile and abhorrent to God. In this context it means actually praying for God’s help to commit sin. Therefore the psalm does not imply that absolute sinlessness is a condition for answered prayer.
For me, asking God for things comes easier than worshiping Him and witnessing the great things He has done for us. In this passage, the psalmist not only praises God for His attributes, but he also reminds others of God's awesome deeds and the importance of repentance.
In Psalm 66:5, the psalmist invites his community to come and praise the Lord and to remember what God has done for them. Then, the psalmist gives specific examples of God's deeds. He takes time to recall the miracle of God parting the Red Sea. He also reminds everyone listening that, although the Lord puts us through tests and trials, He uses those challenges to refine us.
Throughout this chapter, the psalmist switches on and off between worship and witness, which are both key parts of praise. The psalmist explains that God has brought us through hardships and into a place of abundance and that's why we should praise Him. He praises the Lord for specific attributes of His character and thanks Him for being omniscient, miraculous, and our protector. These attributes of God remind me that He is in control, even in the midst of our pain and suffering. The psalmist also talks about how worship isn't just about surrendering with our lips (singing and shouting praises to God), but also about sacrifice.
Lastly, the psalmist uses his personal experiences to teach others about the love of God (Psalm 66:17-19). He teaches them about confession and how the Lord will always forgive you if you repent. This stuck out to me because when I feel convicted of something I've done, I sense a barrier between me, the person I have wronged, and the Lord. Similar to the psalmist in verses 17-20, when I repent and ask for forgiveness, I feel free and loved, knowing that the Lord has forgiven me.
This month's memory verse
Have I not commanded you? Be strong and courageous. Do not be frightened, and do not be dismayed, for the LORD your God is with you wherever you go.”
1. In Psalm 66, the psalmist praises God for specific attributes. Which attributes can you praise God for today?
2. Like the psalmist recalls the parting of the Red Sea, what has God done in your community that you can remind others of?
3. As the psalmist mentions, unconfessed sin blocks fellowship with the Lord. What sin in your life that is affecting your fellowship with Christ can you confess today?
Respond to Today's Passage
Sign In to RespondMichael Scaman
greg jones
Michael Scaman
Sue Bohlin
Dale Taliaferro
Amy Lowther
Lindsey Driscoll