May 27, 2024
Big Book Idea
Thinking and feeling God's way.
You make known to me the path of life;
in your presence there is fullness of joy;
at your right hand are pleasures forevermore.
1
Preserve me, O God, for in you I take refuge.
2
I say to the LORD, “You are my Lord;
I have no good apart from you.”
3
As for the saints in the land, they are the excellent ones,
in whom is all my delight.
2
16:3
Or To the saints in the land, the excellent in whom is all my delight, I say:
4
The sorrows of those who run after
3
16:4
Or who acquire
another god shall multiply;
their drink offerings of blood I will not pour out
or take their names on my lips.
5
The LORD is my chosen portion and my cup;
you hold my lot.
6
The lines have fallen for me in pleasant places;
indeed, I have a beautiful inheritance.
7
I bless the LORD who gives me counsel;
in the night also my heart instructs me.
4
16:7
Hebrew my kidneys instruct me
8
I have set the LORD always before me;
because he is at my right hand, I shall not be shaken.
9
Therefore my heart is glad, and my whole being
5
16:9
Hebrew my glory
rejoices;
my flesh also dwells secure.
10
For you will not abandon my soul to Sheol,
or let your holy one see corruption.
6
16:10
Or see the pit
11
You make known to me the path of life;
in your presence there is fullness of joy;
at your right hand are pleasures forevermore.
Individual psalms come from diverse periods of Israel’s history, but at every stage they served as the songbook of God’s people. David wrote about half of the Psalms. His role as king was more than that of a ruler. He was to represent and even embody the people, and their well-being was tied to his faithfulness. David, then, writes as a representative, and the readers must discern whether the emphasis of a psalm is more on his role as ruler or more on his role as ideal Israelite, in which he is an example for all. The historical occasions mentioned in the psalm titles help the reader see how faith applies to real-life situations.
The Psalter is fundamentally the hymnbook of God’s people. It takes the basic themes of OT theology and turns them into song:
The Psalms can be identified according to some basic categories:
Laments, which lay a troubled situation before the Lord, asking him for help. There are community (Psalm 12) and individual (Psalm 13) laments. This category is the largest by far, including up to a third of all Psalms.
Hymns of praise, which call God’s people to admire his great attributes and deeds. Examples include Psalms 8; 93; and 145.
Hymns of thanksgiving. As with laments, there are community (Psalm 9) and individual (Psalm 30) thanksgiving psalms.
Hymns celebrating God’s law (Psalm 119).
Wisdom psalms (Psalms 1; 37), which reflect themes from the Wisdom Books (Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon).
Songs of confidence, which enable worshipers to deepen their trust in God amid difficult circumstances (Psalm 23).
Royal psalms, which present the Davidic monarchy as the vehicle of blessing for God’s people. Some of these are prayers (Psalm 20), some are thanksgivings (Psalm 21). All relate to the Messiah, the ultimate heir of David, either by setting a pattern (Psalms 20–21) or by portraying the king’s reign in such a way that only the Messiah can completely fulfill it (Psalms 2; 72), or by focusing on the future (Psalm 110).
Historical psalms, which take lessons from the history of God’s dealings with his people (Psalm 78).
Prophetic hymns, which echo the Prophets, calling people to covenant faithfulness (Psalm 81).
The standard Hebrew text divides the Psalms into five “books,” perhaps in imitation of the five books of the Pentateuch.
Book 1 | Psalms 1–41 | Psalms 1–2 provide an introduction to the Psalms as a whole. Except for Psalms 10 and 33, the remaining psalms of Book 1 are psalms of David. Most of them are prayers of distress. Others are statements of confidence in the God who alone can save (e.g., 9; 11; 16; 18), striking the note that concludes the book (40–41). Reflections on ethics and worship are found in Psalms 1; 14–15; 19; 24; and 26. |
Book 2 | Psalms 42–72 | Book 2 introduces the first group of psalms by the “sons of Korah” (42; 44–49; 50). There are also more psalms of David (51–65; 68–69), including most of the “historical” psalms (51–52; 54; 56–57; 59–60; 63). Once again, lament and distress dominate these prayers, which now also include a communal voice (e.g., 44; compare 67; 68). The lone psalm attributed to Solomon concludes Book 2 with a look at God’s ideal for Israel’s kings—ultimately pointing to Christ as the final great King of God’s people. |
Book 3 | Psalms 73–89 | The tone darkens further in Book 3. The opening Psalm 73 starkly questions the justice of God before seeing light in God’s presence. That light has almost escaped the psalmist in Psalm 88, the bleakest of all psalms. Book 2 ended with the high point of royal aspirations; Book 3 concludes in Psalm 89 with these expectations badly threatened. Sharp rays of hope occasionally pierce the darkness (e.g., 75; 85; 87). The brief third book contains most of the psalms of Asaph (73–83), as well as another set of Korah psalms (84–85; 87–88). |
Book 4 | Psalms 90–106 | Psalm 90 opens the fourth book of the psalms. It may be seen as the first response to the problems raised by Book 3. Psalm 90, attributed to Moses, reminds the worshiper that God was active on Israel’s behalf long before David. This theme is taken up in Psalms 103–106, which summarize God’s dealings with his people before any kings reigned. In between there is a group of psalms (93–100) characterized by the refrain “The LORD reigns.” This truth refutes the doubts of Psalm 89. |
Book 5 | Psalms 107–150 | The structure of Book 5 reflects the closing petition of Book 4 in 106:47. It declares that God does answer prayer (107) and concludes with five Hallelujah psalms (146–150). In between there are several psalms affirming the validity of the promises to David (110; 132; 144), two collections of Davidic psalms (108–110; 138–145); the longest psalm, celebrating the value of God’s law (119); and 15 psalms of ascent for use by pilgrims to Jerusalem (120–134). |
What was the main purpose of the Psalms for the people of God? The Psalms were the songbook of the people of God when they gathered for worship.
What is a psalm of lament? The main purpose of a psalm of lament is to tell the Lord about a difficult situation, to ask him for his help, and to praise him for helping. Some laments are community, congregational psalms. Others are individual, personal laments. One third of all the Psalms are psalms of lament.
What defined someone as an “enemy” of the people of Israel? The “enemies” mentioned in the Psalms (e.g., 18:17) were people hostile to the faith of God’s people. Sometimes they expressed their hatred by physically attacking the people of Israel, while other times they merely rejoiced when Israel faced misfortunes.
What does Selah mean? Although the word Selah is found 39 times in the book of Psalms, its exact meaning is uncertain. Most scholars believe it is a musical term or a term to be used by a worship leader, possibly to mark a pause.
Snares (38:12) were traps used to catch birds and animals. Some snares used ropes or nets that would be triggered as soon as the bait was touched. Pits disguised with sticks and leaves were also used as snares. In the Psalms, snares serve as symbols of danger or death at the hands of the wicked.
A helpful guide. The writers of the Psalms understood the importance of constant communication with God. They knew that God would hear their prayers, and they trusted him to act on their behalf. Believers today can benefit greatly by patterning their prayers after specific psalms.
The right hand is often a symbol of authority and power. Kings wore their signet rings on their right hand (Jer. 22:24), and a father blessed his oldest son with his right hand (Gen. 48:14, 17). In Psalm 110, the right hand describes a place of honor and distinction. The Bible often refers to God’s right hand in his acts of blessing and deliverance (Ex. 15:6; Ps. 16:11).
The standard Hebrew text divides the Psalms into five “books,” perhaps in imitation of the five books of the Pentateuch.
Book 1 | Psalms 1–41 | Psalms 1–2 provide an introduction to the Psalms as a whole. Except for Psalms 10 and 33, the remaining psalms of Book 1 are psalms of David. Most of them are prayers of distress. Others are statements of confidence in the God who alone can save (e.g., 9; 11; 16; 18), striking the note that concludes the book (40–41). Reflections on ethics and worship are found in Psalms 1; 14–15; 19; 24; and 26. |
Book 2 | Psalms 42–72 | Book 2 introduces the first group of psalms by the “sons of Korah” (42; 44–49; 50). There are also more psalms of David (51–65; 68–69), including most of the “historical” psalms (51–52; 54; 56–57; 59–60; 63). Once again, lament and distress dominate these prayers, which now also include a communal voice (e.g., 44; compare 67; 68). The lone psalm attributed to Solomon concludes Book 2 with a look at God’s ideal for Israel’s kings—ultimately pointing to Christ as the final great King of God’s people. |
Book 3 | Psalms 73–89 | The tone darkens further in Book 3. The opening Psalm 73 starkly questions the justice of God before seeing light in God’s presence. That light has almost escaped the psalmist in Psalm 88, the bleakest of all psalms. Book 2 ended with the high point of royal aspirations; Book 3 concludes in Psalm 89 with these expectations badly threatened. Sharp rays of hope occasionally pierce the darkness (e.g., 75; 85; 87). The brief third book contains most of the psalms of Asaph (73–83), as well as another set of Korah psalms (84–85; 87–88). |
Book 4 | Psalms 90–106 | Psalm 90 opens the fourth book of the psalms. It may be seen as the first response to the problems raised by Book 3. Psalm 90, attributed to Moses, reminds the worshiper that God was active on Israel’s behalf long before David. This theme is taken up in Psalms 103–106, which summarize God’s dealings with his people before any kings reigned. In between there is a group of psalms (93–100) characterized by the refrain “The LORD reigns.” This truth refutes the doubts of Psalm 89. |
Book 5 | Psalms 107–150 | The structure of Book 5 reflects the closing petition of Book 4 in 106:47. It declares that God does answer prayer (107) and concludes with five Hallelujah psalms (146–150). In between there are several psalms affirming the validity of the promises to David (110; 132; 144), two collections of Davidic psalms (108–110; 138–145); the longest psalm, celebrating the value of God’s law (119); and 15 psalms of ascent for use by pilgrims to Jerusalem (120–134). |
Romans 3 | OT Reference |
---|---|
Sinful Condition | |
v. 10, none is righteous | Ps. 14:3/53:3; Eccles. 7:20 |
v. 11a, no one understands | Ps. 14:2/53:2 |
v. 11b, no one seeks for God | Ps. 14:2/53:2 |
v. 12, all have turned aside; together they have become worthless; no one does good, not even one | Ps. 14:3/53:3 |
Sinful Speech (note progression from throat to tongue to lips) | |
v. 13a, b, their throat is an open grave; they use their tongues to deceive | Ps. 5:10, Septuagint (English, 5:9) |
v. 13c, the venom of asps is under their lips | Ps. 140:3 |
v. 14, their mouth is full of curses and bitterness | Ps. 10:7 |
Sinful Action | |
v. 15, their feet are swift to shed blood | Prov. 1:16/Isa. 59:7 |
v. 16, in their paths are ruin and misery | Isa. 59:7 |
v. 17, and the way of peace they have not known | Isa. 59:8 |
Summary Statement | |
v. 18, there is no fear of God before their eyes | Ps. 36:1 |
Ps. 16:1–2 The Lord is the only one on whom the psalmist relies for well-being (no good apart from you, v. 2).
Ps. 16:3 The saints are those who have embraced their privilege as God’s people. Since God has declared them holy, they live in a holy way.
Ps. 16:4 Those who run after another god are idolaters, including unfaithful Israelites. Their names probably refers to the names of the false gods being worshiped.
Ps. 16:5–6 The psalmist is satisfied with the Lord and his provision. The terms portion, lot, lines, and inheritance recall the allocation of the Promised Land into tribal and family plots.
Ps. 16:7–8 God’s presence is seen in the moral instruction the psalmist receives (v. 7). It gives him assurance of stability (v. 8). The psalmist’s heart instructs him during the night, as he thinks about God’s word (compare 1:2).
Psalm Ps. 16. When the faithful sing Psalm 16, they entrust themselves to the Lord. They experience confidence and contentment in his care. The psalm uses imagery from Israel’s allocation of the land under Joshua (vv. 5–6) to express contentment in this life. It also looks forward to everlasting life in God’s presence (vv. 9–11).
Ps. 16:9–11 The psalm is cultivating the hope of everlasting glory for the faithful, with the resurrection of Jesus (the ultimate holy one) as the first step in bringing this hope to fulfillment (compare Acts 2:25–28; Rom. 8:23; 1 Cor. 15:23).
Ps. 16:11 path of life. The covenant provides a “path” by which one walks toward life in all its fullness (Prov. 6:23; 10:17; Matt. 7:14). This is what the Lord makes known to his followers. To enjoy God’s presence is the goal of the covenant (compare Ex. 33:14–15; Num. 6:24–26). The word pleasures is related to “pleasant places” (Ps. 16:6). The pleasure that the psalmist has begun in this life will reach its fullness in the world to come (forevermore).
The right hand is often a symbol of authority and power. Kings wore their signet rings on their right hand (Jer. 22:24), and a father blessed his oldest son with his right hand (Gen. 48:14, 17). In Psalm 110, the right hand describes a place of honor and distinction. The Bible often refers to God’s right hand in his acts of blessing and deliverance (Ex. 15:6; Ps. 16:11).
Today's reading brings us the beautiful Psalm 16. David seeks refuge in God (Psalm 16:1), finds his satisfaction in God (Psalm 16:5), and rejoices in God with his whole being (Psalm 16:9).
But Psalm 16:10 can leave us confused. Sheol is the Hebrew word for "the realm of the dead" or "the grave." So David appears to be saying that God won't let His "holy one" stay dead, at least not long enough to see corruption (or decay). But we know this was not the case for David himself—1 Kings 2 tells us of David's death, and there are no claims of him coming back to life.
Because we have the entirety of the Bible available to us today, we can see that this is a Messianic psalm, pointing to the coming Messiah (Jesus!) and how God would one day resurrect Him from the dead. It is through this resurrection that we can believe in the promises of Psalm 16:11, the path of life and the fullness of joy and pleasures forevermore.
But life doesn't always feel like those promises hold true for today. Many, if not most, days are full of chaos and sadness and sometimes even death, leaving us to feel like maybe these promises are for another realm or that God doesn't care about our happiness now.
The truth is that God does care about our happiness, but that is not His highest goal for us. He cares more about our holiness than our happiness. So these promises are not about God protecting us from troubles or trials or sadness, or about giving us a happy or healthy life. These promises are about how through the resurrection of Jesus Christ we have access to a peace that surpasses understanding (Philippians 4:7), to contentment in any and every situation (Philippians 4:12), and to joy even when we are facing trials (James 1:2).
One of the best things about being a Christian is knowing that God is faithful to fulfill His promises to satisfy my soul and give me what my heart truly longs for, something better than anything this world has to offer—an eternal relationship with Jesus Christ.
This month's memory verse
If you love me, you will keep my commandments.
1. How might your actions reflect a belief that God has promised you a happy life?
2. In what ways do your prayers reveal what you actually believe about God and His promises to you?
3. What is your response when trials and troubles come into your life?
4. How can you take a step today toward surrendering your desire for happiness to the God who has promised you pleasures forevermore?
As we gear up to release even more features for Join The Journey in 2025, our staff team, unfortunately, no longer has the margin to continue to support the comment functionality. We have big things in store for Join The Journey 2025. Stay tuned!
Michael Sisson
Michael Scaman
Sue Bohlin
greg jones
Michael Scaman
greg jones
Amy Lowther