May 2, 2026

Are you walking by the Spirit or the flesh?

Galatians 5:16-26

Saturday's Devo

May 2, 2026

Saturday's Devo

May 2, 2026

Key Verse | Galatians 5:22-23

But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, self-control; against such things there is no law.

Today's Focus

A Spirit-Led Church

This week, we’re taking time to learn more about what it means to be Spirit-led. Each day, we’ll be looking at passages throughout the entire Bible and implementing practices we’ve learned this year while studying Acts. (Don’t worry, we’ll be back next week with the regular Acts programming you know and love!)

Without the ministry of the Holy Spirit, there would be no Church. The Spirit calls, convicts, seals, comforts, guides, helps, distributes spiritual gifts, sanctifies, and intercedes for believers. With the Spirit, we have the power to accomplish God’s purposes. We desire to be marked by a sensitivity to the leadership and guidance of the Holy Spirit (Romans 8:14; Acts 1:8).

Galatians 5:16-26

Keep in Step with the Spirit

16 But I say, walk by the Spirit, and you will not gratify the desires of the flesh. 17 For the desires of the flesh are against the Spirit, and the desires of the Spirit are against the flesh, for these are opposed to each other, to keep you from doing the things you want to do. 18 But if you are led by the Spirit, you are not under the law. 19 Now the works of the flesh are evident: sexual immorality, impurity, sensuality, 20 idolatry, sorcery, enmity, strife, jealousy, fits of anger, rivalries, dissensions, divisions, 21 envy, 1 5:21 Some manuscripts add murder drunkenness, orgies, and things like these. I warn you, as I warned you before, that those who do 2 5:21 Or make a practice of doing such things will not inherit the kingdom of God. 22 But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, 23 gentleness, self-control; against such things there is no law. 24 And those who belong to Christ Jesus have crucified the flesh with its passions and desires.

25 If we live by the Spirit, let us also keep in step with the Spirit. 26 Let us not become conceited, provoking one another, envying one another.

Footnotes

[1] 5:21 Some manuscripts add murder
[2] 5:21 Or make a practice of doing
Table of Contents
Introduction to Galatians

Introduction to Galatians

Timeline

Author, Date, and Recipients

The apostle Paul wrote this letter about A.D. 48. The Galatians are probably believers in the churches of the southern region of the Roman province of Galatia. Paul is more critical of his audience here than in any of his other letters.

Theme

Christ’s death has brought in the age of the new covenant (3:23–26; 4:4–5, 24). People do not have to become Jews or follow the outward ceremonies of the Mosaic law in order to be Christians (2:3, 11–12, 14; 4:10). To require these things denies the heart of the gospel, which is justification by faith alone and not by keeping the “works of the law” (2:16). In this new age, Christians are to live in the guidance and power of the Spirit (chs. 5–6).

Purpose

False teachers have convinced the Galatians that they are required to be circumcised. The result is division within their church (5:15). Paul gives numerous reasons why they should return to the simple truth of the gospel.

Key Themes

  1. In his sin-bearing death, Christ is a substitute for all Christians. He brings them into a new realm of freedom and life (1:4; 2:20; 3:13).
  2. The gospel of Christ comes from God alone—not from any human source. Paul himself is a living example of this. His conversion to Christ and his apostleship were not through human means. They came through direct revelation from Christ (1:1, 11–12, 15–20).
  3. Salvation comes not by works of law but by faith, which leads to justification (2:16).
  4. To require circumcision and other Mosaic laws as a supplement to faith is to fall back from the realm of grace and freedom and to come under the whole law and its curse, since perfect observance of the law is impossible (2:12–14, 16; 3:10; 4:10; 5:3).
  5. Old Testament Scripture itself testifies to the truth of justification by faith (Gen. 15:6; Hab. 2:4).
  6. Believers have died with Christ to sin and therefore have renounced the flesh (Gal. 5:24; 6:14).
  7. The Spirit is the source of power and guidance in the Christian life. He produces love and faith in the believer (5:6, 16, 18, 25).
  8. The Christian life is one of pleasing Christ. This requires willingness to suffer persecution for the sake of his cross (1:10; 6:12, 14).

Outline

  1. Opening (1:1–9)
  2. Indirect Appeal: Paul’s Ministry and the Gospel (1:10–2:21)
  3. Direct Appeals to the Galatians (3:1–5:12)
  4. Life in the Spirit and Love (5:13–6:10)
  5. Final Warning (6:11–18)

The Setting of Galatians

c. A.D. 48

Paul’s letter to the Galatians was likely written to the churches he had established during his first missionary journey (Acts 13:1–14:28). He probably wrote the letter from his home church in Antioch in Syria, sometime before the Jerusalem council (Acts 15:1–31).

The Setting of Galatians

The Global Message of Galatians

The Global Message of Galatians

The global message of Paul’s letter to the Galatians is that in Christ the ancient promises to Abraham have been fulfilled. The blessing and favor of God is now pouring out to the Gentiles (anyone not a Jew), because all that is needed to be right with God is faith in Christ.

The Problem Galatians Addresses

Adam and Eve were put on the earth to be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth with God’s glory, but they rebelled and thus failed to do this. God then called Abraham, intending to do through Abraham’s descendants what Adam and Eve had failed to do. “And I will make of you a great nation,” said the Lord to Abraham, “and I will bless you and make your name great, so that you will be a blessing. . . . in you all the families of the earth shall be blessed” (Gen. 12:2–3).

Yet Abraham’s own family proved to be plagued with the same problems as the rest of humanity: family conflict, cowardice, failure to trust in God, violence, and more. What was needed was a deep, massive cleansing not only of the world “out there” but also of God’s own people, the offspring of Abraham, Israel.

The Solution Galatians Gives

In Christ, God accomplished this cleansing. For Christ was the true and final offspring of Abraham (Gal. 3:16). He was the true Son of God (1:16). He fulfilled the whole law in himself, yet he also suffered its condemnation when he went to the cross (3:13). And he did all this so that “the blessing of Abraham might come to the Gentiles, so that we might receive the promised Spirit through faith” (3:14). All this took place at the climax of human history: “But when the fullness of time had come, God sent forth his Son, born of woman, born under the law, to redeem those who were under the law, so that we might receive adoption as sons” (4:4–5).

The result of Christ’s work is that the favor of God is flooding out to all nations, as was God’s original purpose through Abraham (Gal. 3:28–29).

Universal Themes in Galatians

Justification by faith. Anyone can exercise faith, and it is faith alone that justifies (Gal. 2:15–16). Therefore anyone can be part of God’s family. It is not only for insiders. When a sinner exercises faith, trusting in Christ rather than in his or her personal goodness, that sinner is justified—put right with God, declared righteous in the divine courtroom. He or she can no longer be justly condemned. Martin Luther said that this doctrine of justification by faith is the article on which the church stands or falls. Here the gospel is clearest: we are justified only by faith, not by morality and not by ethnicity. This gospel is for the whole world.

Freedom. Freedom is highly sought around the world today: in politics, in society, in voting, in education. These are all important and worth working to secure. Yet Galatians presents the universal church with a freedom that goes deeper than all of these other important freedoms: freedom in Christ, who has both fulfilled the law in our place and also suffered its curse in our place (Gal. 4:21–5:1). Galatians is a declaration of liberation for all who have been weighed down with their sin and failure and suffering. “For freedom Christ has set us free” (5:1).

Equality. “There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is no male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus” (Gal. 3:28). Galatians declares not only a radical new freedom but also a radical new equality. Paul is not saying in this text that distinctions of ethnicity, class, and gender are obliterated in an absolute way. Indeed, part of the glory of the new earth will be the beautiful ethnic diversity it displays (Rev. 21:25–26). Rather, Paul is saying that valid human distinctions do not affect a person’s qualification for salvation. God does not judge significance as the world does. Gentiles are just as welcome as Jews to come to Christ; slaves are just as welcome as the free; women are just as welcome as men.

The Global Message of Galatians for Today

The Bible tells us what is wrong with the world today: sin. Yet the Bible also tells us God’s radical, wondrous solution: Christ. And while the problem of sin extends to every corner of the globe and every corner of the human heart, the work of Christ is freely available in just as extensive a scope. Paul sums up the gospel by saying that Christ “gave himself for our sins to deliver us from the present evil age” (Gal. 1:4). As a result, “in Christ Jesus the blessing of Abraham [can] come to the Gentiles” (3:14)—and has come, to enrich all the world.

Galatians is one of the clearest presentations of the gospel in all of the Bible. God justifies sinners, irrespective of just how sinful they are, if they will simply trust Christ. No self-generated contribution is necessary. This is the glory of God’s grace. It is grace: undeserved, matchless favor for the penitent. It is received, not earned. It comes through God’s promise, not God’s law. It is accessed by human faith, not human works. It is a gift.

And this gift changes us. The last two chapters of Galatians make this clear. For one who has been united to Christ, the fruit of this union will necessarily begin to blossom (Gal. 5:16–25). Those who have been saved are now indwelt by the Spirit and thus are finally able to love God and love their neighbor.

Galatians urges global Christians to radical acts of self-giving love, all fueled by the gospel of grace. Freely we have received; freely we give. Mercy we have been shown; mercy we will show.

Where can we express love? To whom can we show compassion, whether across the street or around the globe? The heart that has been touched by the gospel and indwelt by the Spirit is propelled outward in acts of love (Gal. 5:14). For those who are no longer orphans but sons (4:7), it is our delight to love as we have been loved. “So then, as we have opportunity, let us do good to everyone, and especially to those who are of the household of faith” (6:10).

Galatians Fact #5: Walk by the Spirit

Fact: Walk by the Spirit

To walk by the Spirit means making decisions and choices based on the Holy Spirit’s guidance (5:16, 25). It also involves relying on the Spirit’s power to conquer sinful desires (5:17–18). The Spirit will produce “fruits” of godliness in the believer’s life (5:22–23).

The Epistles

The Epistles

Book Author Date Recipients Place of Writing
James James 40–45 Jewish Christians in or near Palestine Jerusalem?
Galatians Paul 48 South Galatian churches Syrian Antioch
1 Thessalonians Paul 49–51 Church in Thessalonica Corinth
2 Thessalonians Paul 49–51 Church in Thessalonica Corinth
1 Corinthians Paul 53–55 Church in Corinth Ephesus
2 Corinthians Paul 55–56 Church in Corinth Macedonia
Romans Paul 57 Church in Rome Corinth
Philippians Paul 62 Church in Philippi Rome
Colossians Paul 62 Church in Colossae Rome
Philemon Paul 62 Philemon Rome
Ephesians Paul 62 Churches in Asia Minor (circular letter?) Rome
1 Timothy Paul 62–64 Timothy Macedonia?
Titus Paul 62–64 Titus Nicopolis
1 Peter Peter 62–63 Churches in Roman provinces in Asia Minor Rome
2 Peter Peter 64–67 Churches in Roman provinces in Asia Minor? Rome
2 Timothy Paul 64–67 Timothy Rome
Jude Jude Mid–60s Jewish Christians in Egypt? Asia Minor? Antioch? Unknown
Hebrews Unknown 60–70 Jewish Christians in Rome or in or near Palestine Unknown
1 John John 85–95 Churches near Ephesus? Ephesus
2 John John 85–95 Church or churches near Ephesus Ephesus
3 John John 85–95 Gaius Ephesus
Study Notes

Gal. 5:16 Having contrasted the flesh with love (vv. 13–14), Paul now contrasts the flesh with the Spirit. The only way to conquer the flesh is to yield to the Spirit. walk by the Spirit. Making decisions and choices according to the Holy Spirit’s guidance, and acting with the spiritual power that the Spirit supplies. the desires of the flesh. Bodily cravings and the desires of fallen human nature (see examples in vv. 19–21).

Study Notes

Gal. 5:18 led by the Spirit. The Greek verb implies an active, personal involvement by the Holy Spirit in guiding Christians. The present tense (“if you are being led . . . ”) indicates the Spirit’s ongoing activity. you are not under the law. The Spirit’s active presence in believers’ lives shows that they are no longer under the pre-Christian system (see 3:2, 5, 14; 4:6).

Galatians Fact #5: Walk by the Spirit

Fact: Walk by the Spirit

To walk by the Spirit means making decisions and choices based on the Holy Spirit’s guidance (5:16, 25). It also involves relying on the Spirit’s power to conquer sinful desires (5:17–18). The Spirit will produce “fruits” of godliness in the believer’s life (5:22–23).

Study Notes

Gal. 5:19 works of the flesh. Without the transforming work of the Holy Spirit, sinful humans follow wicked desires and actions.

Study Notes

Gal. 5:20 idolatry, sorcery. These are ways to access evil spiritual beings. They reject the way in which God says he should be worshiped (see John 14:6). enmity, strife. Rejecting God destroys human relationships, too.

Study Notes

Gal. 5:21 Drunkenness and orgies are examples of how people use God’s good gifts in destructive and sinful ways. In the OT, wine was associated with joy and celebration (e.g., Neh. 8:10; Ps. 104:15; see note on John 2:3). When abused, however, wine was seen as highly destructive (Prov. 20:1; 21:17; 23:29–35). Drunkenness is consistently condemned throughout Scripture (e.g., Eph. 5:18). Sex is a precious gift for husband and wife. When it is abused it also has highly destructive consequences (1 Cor. 6:18). those who do such things. Those who act in this way as a pattern of life. Their outward conduct indicates they are not born of God. They do not have the Holy Spirit within. They are not God’s true children.

Study Notes

Gal. 5:22–23 The Spirit defends against sin. He also produces in Christians the positive traits of godly character.

Galatians Fact #5: Walk by the Spirit

Fact: Walk by the Spirit

To walk by the Spirit means making decisions and choices based on the Holy Spirit’s guidance (5:16, 25). It also involves relying on the Spirit’s power to conquer sinful desires (5:17–18). The Spirit will produce “fruits” of godliness in the believer’s life (5:22–23).

Study Notes

Gal. 5:24 Again, Christ and the Spirit (v. 25) come together in the believer’s life. Christians have crucified the flesh. They have died with Christ to sin (see 6:14; Rom. 6:4–6).

Study Notes

Gal. 5:25 keep in step with the Spirit. A different verb than in v. 16. It means “walk in line behind a leader.”

Galatians Fact #5: Walk by the Spirit

Fact: Walk by the Spirit

To walk by the Spirit means making decisions and choices based on the Holy Spirit’s guidance (5:16, 25). It also involves relying on the Spirit’s power to conquer sinful desires (5:17–18). The Spirit will produce “fruits” of godliness in the believer’s life (5:22–23).

Study Notes

Gal. 5:16–26 Life under the law expresses itself in the works of the flesh, but those who live by the Spirit bear fruit pleasing to God.

Gal. 5:26 Paul probably refers to attitudes that are causing problems in the Galatian churches (see v. 15). These also describe all who live according to the flesh (vv. 19–21).

What are you led by?

The letter to the Galatians was Paul’s urgent response to a crisis. In these Galatian churches, some teachers were reshaping the good news of Jesus by requiring obedience to the law. They thought law-keeping was key to belonging in God’s family. Paul argued that God’s promise has always been fulfilled through Jesus, creating a new, multiethnic family marked by faith and empowered by the Spirit. The letter moves from defending the true gospel to showing how it transforms everyday life. By chapter 5, the focus turns to Spirit-led freedom: a life shaped not by rule-keeping, but by God’s presence within his people. 

Observe

Read Galatians 5:16-26 slowly. As you read, look for contrasts between the flesh and the Spirit. What actions, desires, or outcomes are tied to each? Notice any repeated words or ideas. Circle or list the “works of the flesh” and the “fruit of the Spirit.” What stands out about how Paul describes them? Pay attention to tone: warnings, encouragement, or commands. Write down at least three observations about what a Spirit-led life looks like.

Examen

As you reflect on Galatians 5:16-26, take time to examine your heart through prayer using the acronym TRUTH. While there are many ways to implement the practice of Examen prayer, this acronym can be very helpful!

Start with T—Trigger: think of a moment in the last 24 hours when you weren’t walking by the Spirit. What happened? What led you there? Bring that moment honestly before God.

Next, R—Reflection: what were you thinking in that moment? Were your beliefs about God, yourself, or others off? Did you have any unrealistic expectations of yourself, someone else, or your circumstances? Ask the Spirit to help you see clearly.

Then, U—Unhealthy behavior or emotion: what did that moment produce in you? Name the feeling or response without judgment, just awareness. It isn’t bad to feel strong emotions. But if we experience a reaction or emotion that brings distress or impairment into our daily life (it affects us or others), it’s important we bring those feelings to the Lord.

Move to the second T—Truth of God: what is true about God considering that situation? What does his Word say? What would he say to you now?

Finally, H—Healthy response: how can you respond differently next time? Is there an action step you need to take? Do you need to seek forgiveness or restoration?

Walk through each step prayerfully, inviting the Spirit to guide, convict, and restore.

Optional Deeper Study

For a deeper study, focus on the phrase “walk by the Spirit” in Galatians 5:16. Look up the original meaning of “walk” using a concordance or study Bible. Then trace how “walking” with God shows up across Scripture (Genesis 5:24; Psalm 1; Romans 8). Compare those passages. What patterns do you see about relationship, obedience, and direction?

Watch or listen to the podcast

New Episodes Tuesdays

Stream Now

Monthly memory verse

All Scripture is breathed out by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, that the man of God may be complete, equipped for every good work.

– 2 Timothy 3:16-17