October 6, 2025
Big Book Idea
Written to Romans, and full of miracles, the Gospel of Mark shows Jesus came as a servant.
"Which is easier, to say to the paralytic, 'Your sins are forgiven,' or to say, 'Rise, take up your bed and walk'? But that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins"—he said to the paralytic—"I say to you, rise, pick up your bed, and go home."
1 The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God. 1 1:1 Some manuscripts omit the Son of God
2 As it is written in Isaiah the prophet, 2 1:2 Some manuscripts in the prophets
“Behold, I send my messenger before your face,
who will prepare your way,
3
the voice of one crying in the wilderness:
‘Prepare
3
1:3
Or crying: Prepare in the wilderness
the way of the Lord,
make his paths straight,’”
4 John appeared, baptizing in the wilderness and proclaiming a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins. 5 And all the country of Judea and all Jerusalem were going out to him and were being baptized by him in the river Jordan, confessing their sins. 6 Now John was clothed with camel's hair and wore a leather belt around his waist and ate locusts and wild honey. 7 And he preached, saying, “After me comes he who is mightier than I, the strap of whose sandals I am not worthy to stoop down and untie. 8 I have baptized you with water, but he will baptize you with the Holy Spirit.”
9 In those days Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee and was baptized by John in the Jordan. 10 And when he came up out of the water, immediately he saw the heavens being torn open and the Spirit descending on him like a dove. 11 And a voice came from heaven, “You are my beloved Son; 4 1:11 Or my Son, my (or the) Beloved with you I am well pleased.”
12 The Spirit immediately drove him out into the wilderness. 13 And he was in the wilderness forty days, being tempted by Satan. And he was with the wild animals, and the angels were ministering to him.
14 Now after John was arrested, Jesus came into Galilee, proclaiming the gospel of God, 15 and saying, “The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand; 5 1:15 Or the kingdom of God has come near repent and believe in the gospel.”
16 Passing alongside the Sea of Galilee, he saw Simon and Andrew the brother of Simon casting a net into the sea, for they were fishermen. 17 And Jesus said to them, “Follow me, and I will make you become fishers of men.” 6 1:17 The Greek word anthropoi refers here to both men and women 18 And immediately they left their nets and followed him. 19 And going on a little farther, he saw James the son of Zebedee and John his brother, who were in their boat mending the nets. 20 And immediately he called them, and they left their father Zebedee in the boat with the hired servants and followed him.
21 And they went into Capernaum, and immediately on the Sabbath he entered the synagogue and was teaching. 22 And they were astonished at his teaching, for he taught them as one who had authority, and not as the scribes. 23 And immediately there was in their synagogue a man with an unclean spirit. And he cried out, 24 “What have you to do with us, Jesus of Nazareth? Have you come to destroy us? I know who you are—the Holy One of God.” 25 But Jesus rebuked him, saying, “Be silent, and come out of him!” 26 And the unclean spirit, convulsing him and crying out with a loud voice, came out of him. 27 And they were all amazed, so that they questioned among themselves, saying, “What is this? A new teaching with authority! He commands even the unclean spirits, and they obey him.” 28 And at once his fame spread everywhere throughout all the surrounding region of Galilee.
29 And immediately he 7 1:29 Some manuscripts they left the synagogue and entered the house of Simon and Andrew, with James and John. 30 Now Simon's mother-in-law lay ill with a fever, and immediately they told him about her. 31 And he came and took her by the hand and lifted her up, and the fever left her, and she began to serve them.
32 That evening at sundown they brought to him all who were sick or oppressed by demons. 33 And the whole city was gathered together at the door. 34 And he healed many who were sick with various diseases, and cast out many demons. And he would not permit the demons to speak, because they knew him.
35 And rising very early in the morning, while it was still dark, he departed and went out to a desolate place, and there he prayed. 36 And Simon and those who were with him searched for him, 37 and they found him and said to him, “Everyone is looking for you.” 38 And he said to them, “Let us go on to the next towns, that I may preach there also, for that is why I came out.” 39 And he went throughout all Galilee, preaching in their synagogues and casting out demons.
40 And a leper 8 1:40 Leprosy was a term for several skin diseases; see Leviticus 13 came to him, imploring him, and kneeling said to him, “If you will, you can make me clean.” 41 Moved with pity, he stretched out his hand and touched him and said to him, “I will; be clean.” 42 And immediately the leprosy left him, and he was made clean. 43 And Jesus 9 1:43 Greek he; also verse 45 sternly charged him and sent him away at once, 44 and said to him, “See that you say nothing to anyone, but go, show yourself to the priest and offer for your cleansing what Moses commanded, for a proof to them.” 45 But he went out and began to talk freely about it, and to spread the news, so that Jesus could no longer openly enter a town, but was out in desolate places, and people were coming to him from every quarter.
1 And when he returned to Capernaum after some days, it was reported that he was at home. 2 And many were gathered together, so that there was no more room, not even at the door. And he was preaching the word to them. 3 And they came, bringing to him a paralytic carried by four men. 4 And when they could not get near him because of the crowd, they removed the roof above him, and when they had made an opening, they let down the bed on which the paralytic lay. 5 And when Jesus saw their faith, he said to the paralytic, “Son, your sins are forgiven.” 6 Now some of the scribes were sitting there, questioning in their hearts, 7 “Why does this man speak like that? He is blaspheming! Who can forgive sins but God alone?” 8 And immediately Jesus, perceiving in his spirit that they thus questioned within themselves, said to them, “Why do you question these things in your hearts? 9 Which is easier, to say to the paralytic, ‘Your sins are forgiven,’ or to say, ‘Rise, take up your bed and walk’? 10 But that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins”—he said to the paralytic— 11 “I say to you, rise, pick up your bed, and go home.” 12 And he rose and immediately picked up his bed and went out before them all, so that they were all amazed and glorified God, saying, “We never saw anything like this!”
13 He went out again beside the sea, and all the crowd was coming to him, and he was teaching them. 14 And as he passed by, he saw Levi the son of Alphaeus sitting at the tax booth, and he said to him, “Follow me.” And he rose and followed him.
15 And as he reclined at table in his house, many tax collectors and sinners were reclining with Jesus and his disciples, for there were many who followed him. 16 And the scribes of 10 2:16 Some manuscripts and the Pharisees, when they saw that he was eating with sinners and tax collectors, said to his disciples, “Why does he eat 11 2:16 Some manuscripts add and drink with tax collectors and sinners?” 17 And when Jesus heard it, he said to them, “Those who are well have no need of a physician, but those who are sick. I came not to call the righteous, but sinners.”
18 Now John's disciples and the Pharisees were fasting. And people came and said to him, “Why do John's disciples and the disciples of the Pharisees fast, but your disciples do not fast?” 19 And Jesus said to them, “Can the wedding guests fast while the bridegroom is with them? As long as they have the bridegroom with them, they cannot fast. 20 The days will come when the bridegroom is taken away from them, and then they will fast in that day. 21 No one sews a piece of unshrunk cloth on an old garment. If he does, the patch tears away from it, the new from the old, and a worse tear is made. 22 And no one puts new wine into old wineskins. If he does, the wine will burst the skins—and the wine is destroyed, and so are the skins. But new wine is for fresh wineskins.” 12 2:22 Some manuscripts omit But new wine is for fresh wineskins
23 One Sabbath he was going through the grainfields, and as they made their way, his disciples began to pluck heads of grain. 24 And the Pharisees were saying to him, “Look, why are they doing what is not lawful on the Sabbath?” 25 And he said to them, “Have you never read what David did, when he was in need and was hungry, he and those who were with him: 26 how he entered the house of God, in the time of 13 2:26 Or in the passage about Abiathar the high priest, and ate the bread of the Presence, which it is not lawful for any but the priests to eat, and also gave it to those who were with him?” 27 And he said to them, “The Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath. 28 So the Son of Man is lord even of the Sabbath.”
1 Again he entered the synagogue, and a man was there with a withered hand. 2 And they watched Jesus, 14 3:2 Greek him to see whether he would heal him on the Sabbath, so that they might accuse him. 3 And he said to the man with the withered hand, “Come here.” 4 And he said to them, “Is it lawful on the Sabbath to do good or to do harm, to save life or to kill?” But they were silent. 5 And he looked around at them with anger, grieved at their hardness of heart, and said to the man, “Stretch out your hand.” He stretched it out, and his hand was restored. 6 The Pharisees went out and immediately held counsel with the Herodians against him, how to destroy him.
7 Jesus withdrew with his disciples to the sea, and a great crowd followed, from Galilee and Judea 8 and Jerusalem and Idumea and from beyond the Jordan and from around Tyre and Sidon. When the great crowd heard all that he was doing, they came to him. 9 And he told his disciples to have a boat ready for him because of the crowd, lest they crush him, 10 for he had healed many, so that all who had diseases pressed around him to touch him. 11 And whenever the unclean spirits saw him, they fell down before him and cried out, “You are the Son of God.” 12 And he strictly ordered them not to make him known.
13 And he went up on the mountain and called to him those whom he desired, and they came to him. 14 And he appointed twelve (whom he also named apostles) so that they might be with him and he might send them out to preach 15 and have authority to cast out demons. 16 He appointed the twelve: Simon (to whom he gave the name Peter); 17 James the son of Zebedee and John the brother of James (to whom he gave the name Boanerges, that is, Sons of Thunder); 18 Andrew, and Philip, and Bartholomew, and Matthew, and Thomas, and James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus, and Simon the Zealot, 15 3:18 Greek kananaios, meaning zealot 19 and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed him.
20 Then he went home, and the crowd gathered again, so that they could not even eat. 21 And when his family heard it, they went out to seize him, for they were saying, “He is out of his mind.”
22 And the scribes who came down from Jerusalem were saying, “He is possessed by Beelzebul,” and “by the prince of demons he casts out the demons.” 23 And he called them to him and said to them in parables, “How can Satan cast out Satan? 24 If a kingdom is divided against itself, that kingdom cannot stand. 25 And if a house is divided against itself, that house will not be able to stand. 26 And if Satan has risen up against himself and is divided, he cannot stand, but is coming to an end. 27 But no one can enter a strong man's house and plunder his goods, unless he first binds the strong man. Then indeed he may plunder his house.
28 Truly, I say to you, all sins will be forgiven the children of man, and whatever blasphemies they utter, 29 but whoever blasphemes against the Holy Spirit never has forgiveness, but is guilty of an eternal sin”— 30 for they were saying, “He has an unclean spirit.”
31 And his mother and his brothers came, and standing outside they sent to him and called him. 32 And a crowd was sitting around him, and they said to him, “Your mother and your brothers 16 3:32 Other manuscripts add and your sisters are outside, seeking you.” 33 And he answered them, “Who are my mother and my brothers?” 34 And looking about at those who sat around him, he said, “Here are my mother and my brothers! 35 For whoever does the will of God, he is my brother and sister and mother.”
The apostle Peter passed on reports of the words and deeds of Jesus to his attendant, John Mark, who wrote this Gospel for the wider church as the record of Peter’s apostolic testimony. The book was likely written from Rome during the mid- to late-50s A.D. (though the mid- or late-60s is also possible). Mark’s audience, largely unfamiliar with Jewish customs, needed to become familiar with such customs in order to understand the coming of Jesus as the culmination of God’s work with Israel and the entire world, so Mark explains them.
The ultimate purpose and theme of Mark’s Gospel is to present and defend Jesus’ universal call to discipleship. Mark returns often to this theme, categorizing his main audience as either followers or opponents of Jesus. Mark presents and supports this call to discipleship by narrating the identity and teaching of Jesus. For Mark, discipleship is essentially a relationship with Jesus, not merely following a certain code of conduct. Fellowship with Jesus marks the heart of the disciple’s life, and this fellowship includes trusting Jesus, confessing him, observing his conduct, following his teaching, and being shaped by a relationship with him. Discipleship also means being prepared to face the kind of rejection that Jesus faced.
The events in the book of Mark take place almost entirely within Palestine, from Caesarea Philippi in the north to Beersheba in the south. During this time Palestine was ruled by the Roman Empire. The book opens with Jesus’ baptism by John during the rule of Pontius Pilate and the tetrarchs Antipas and Philip. It closes with Jesus’ death and resurrection about three years later.
What is a “Gospel”? “Gospel” literally means “good news.” The “Gospel according to Mark,” along with the other three Gospels, reports the good news of salvation through the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. This salvation is freely available to everyone who believes in Jesus Christ, everywhere in the world.
Reclining at the table. During formal dinners in NT times, guests reclined on a couch that stretched around three sides of a room (2:15). The host took the central place surrounded by a U-shaped series of tables. The most honored guests reclined on either side of the host, with the guests’ heads toward the tables and their feet toward the wall.
Why does Mark say “immediately” so often? The Greek word translated “immediately” occurs in the Gospel of Mark more often than in the rest of the NT combined. The frequent use of the word stresses the importance of an event and helps to show that Christ’s ministry has a divine purpose and plan behind it.
Jesus spent most of his life and ministry in the region of Galilee, a mountainous area in northern Palestine. Jesus grew up in the hill town of Nazareth, about 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south of the Gentile administrative center of Sepphoris. Soon after he began his public ministry, Jesus relocated to Capernaum on the Sea of Galilee. By Jesus’ time, a thriving fishing industry had developed around the Sea of Galilee, and several of Jesus’ disciples were fishermen.
Matthew 10:2–4 | Mark 3:16–19 | Luke 6:14–16 | John (various verses) | Acts 1:13 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1. Simon, who is called Peter | 1. Simon (to whom he gave the name Peter) | 1. Simon, whom he named Peter | Simon Peter (1:40–42) | 1. Peter |
2. Andrew his [Simon Peter’s] brother | 4. Andrew | 2. Andrew his [Simon Peter’s] brother | Andrew, Simon Peter’s brother (1:40) | 4. Andrew |
3. James the son of Zebedee | 2. James the son of Zebedee | 3. James | unnamed son of Zebedee (21:2) | 3. James |
4. John his [James’s] brother | 3. John the brother of James | 4. John | unnamed son of Zebedee (21:2) | 2. John |
5. Philip | 5. Philip | 5. Philip | Philip of Bethsaida (1:43–44) | 5. Philip |
6. Bartholomew | 6. Bartholomew | 6. Bartholomew | Nathanael of Cana (1:45–49; 21:2)** | 7. Bartholomew |
7. Thomas | 8. Thomas | 8. Thomas | Thomas called the Twin (11:16) | 6. Thomas |
8. Matthew the tax collector | 7. Matthew (Levi, son of Alphaeus, a tax collector, 2:14) | 7. Matthew (Levi, tax collector, 5:27) | 8. Matthew | |
9. James the son of Alphaeus | 9. James the son of Alphaeus | 9. James the son of Alphaeus | 9. James the son of Alphaeus | |
10. Thaddaeus | 10. Thaddaeus | 11. Judas the son of James | Judas (not Iscariot) (14:22) | 11. Judas the son of James |
11. Simon the Zealot | 11. Simon the Zealot | 10. Simon who was called the Zealot | 10. Simon the Zealot | |
12. Judas Iscariot | 12. Judas Iscariot | 12. Judas Iscariot | Judas the son of Simon Iscariot (6:71) | 12. Matthias replaces Judas [who had died] (Acts 1:26) |
*Others in the NT are regarded as apostles besides the Twelve, notably James the brother of Jesus (Acts 15:12–21; 1 Cor. 15:7; Gal. 1:19), Paul (Acts 14:4, 14; 1 Cor. 9:1; 15:8–9), and Barnabas (Acts 14:4, 14).
**Nathanael is probably Bartholomew, since he is closely associated with Philip. He is certainly not Levi/Matthew, who already has two names and who was from Capernaum. It is possible but unlikely that he is Thaddeus/Judas or Simon the Zealot.
Zechariah and Elizabeth were childless and advanced in age when Gabriel announced that Elizabeth would bear a son. The baby would be named John, and he would “be filled with the Holy Spirit, even from his mother’s womb” (Luke 1:15). John the Baptist lived and preached in the wilderness of Judea, where he wore clothes made of camel’s hair and ate locusts and wild honey (Mark 1:4–6). John prepared the way for Jesus the Messiah by calling people to repentance, as the OT prophets had predicted (Isa. 40:3; Mal. 3:1). Those who accepted his message were baptized as an outward sign of their inward cleansing from sin. Although Jesus needed no repentance or cleansing, he was baptized by John in order to identify with the sinful people he came to save. After angering the royal Herod family, John was imprisoned and eventually beheaded (Matt. 14:6–12). (John 1:29–34)
James and his brother John were fishermen. Together with their father Zebedee, they were mending their nets when Jesus called them to be disciples. Jesus called James and John the “Sons of Thunder” (Mark 3:17; see Luke 9:54). James, along with Peter and John, were the disciples closest to Jesus. They were with the Lord during many of the key moments of his ministry. James was with Jesus at the Transfiguration, where Jesus revealed his divine glory. He was also with Jesus when he healed Jairus’s daughter (Mark 5:37). When Jesus prayed at Gethsemane, he asked James, John, and Peter to share with him the agonizing time of anticipation and sorrow as he faced the cross (Matt. 26:37). James was later executed by Herod, becoming the first apostle to die for his faith (Acts 12:1–3). (Matthew 4:21–22)
Mark 1:1 Rather than beginning with the genealogy of Jesus (as do Matthew and Luke) or offering a theological background to the gospel (as does John), Mark focuses on the actual beginning of the gospel in the life and ministry of Jesus. The “gospel” is the good news of the fulfillment of God’s promises.
What is a “Gospel”? “Gospel” literally means “good news.” The “Gospel according to Mark,” along with the other three Gospels, reports the good news of salvation through the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. This salvation is freely available to everyone who believes in Jesus Christ, everywhere in the world.
Mark 1:2–3 Mark identifies John the Baptist as the predicted one who prepares the way of the Lord (see Isa. 40:3; Mal. 3:1). Isaiah the prophet is named because he was more prominent than Malachi, and more of the quoted material comes from him.
Mark 1:5 all the country of Judea and all Jerusalem. John’s ministry fulfills the promise of a “new exodus” in which Israel is delivered from the wilderness and symbolically enters into the river Jordan again to receive God’s promises of end-time salvation.
Mark 1:6 John’s clothing and food are like that of other preachers in the desert (see 1 Kings 17:4, 9). On locusts, see note on Matt. 3:4.
Zechariah and Elizabeth were childless and advanced in age when Gabriel announced that Elizabeth would bear a son. The baby would be named John, and he would “be filled with the Holy Spirit, even from his mother’s womb” (Luke 1:15). John the Baptist lived and preached in the wilderness of Judea, where he wore clothes made of camel’s hair and ate locusts and wild honey (Mark 1:4–6). John prepared the way for Jesus the Messiah by calling people to repentance, as the OT prophets had predicted (Isa. 40:3; Mal. 3:1). Those who accepted his message were baptized as an outward sign of their inward cleansing from sin. Although Jesus needed no repentance or cleansing, he was baptized by John in order to identify with the sinful people he came to save. After angering the royal Herod family, John was imprisoned and eventually beheaded (Matt. 14:6–12). (John 1:29–34)
Mark 1:7–8 The one for whom John is preparing the way (Isa. 40:3; Mal. 3:1) will baptize . . . with the Holy Spirit (Isa. 32:15; 44:3; Joel 2:28; see note on Matt. 3:11). Untying the straps of sandals could be the responsibility of a low servant, but it was something that a Jewish person was not supposed to do.
Mark 1:9 was baptized. Jesus identifies with the sins of his people, even though he himself is free from sin (10:45). Galilee is the region west of the Jordan and the Sea of Galilee and north of Samaria. In the NT era Galilee was ruled by Herod the Great (see note on Matt. 2:1), then by his son Herod Antipas (Matt. 14:1; Mark 6:14), and then by Herod Antipas’s nephew Herod Agrippa I.
Mark 1:10–11 Mark uses the word immediately 41 times in his Gospel. It suggests a sense of urgency and often introduces a new incident or a surprising turn of events. The Spirit of God descends upon Jesus at his baptism (see note on Luke 3:22). Jesus is thus commissioned for a unique service (see Isa. 11:2; 42:1; 61:1). Mark quotes from the OT to show that Jesus is the Son of God (Ps. 2:7) and the servant of God (Isa. 42:1). The heavenly voice confirms the eternal sonship of Jesus. All three persons of the Godhead—the Spirit, the Father, and the Son—are involved here.
Mark 1:12–13 tempted by Satan. See note on Matt. 4:1. “Being tempted” indicates that the temptations happened over the 40-day period and were not limited to the three temptations mentioned by Matthew (Matt. 4:1–11) and Luke (Luke 4:1–13).
Mark 1:1–15 Introduction. Mark begins his account with the public ministry of John the Baptist, the forerunner of Jesus.
Mark 1:14–15 The gospel is the “good news” that the kingdom of God is at hand. God’s rule over people’s hearts and lives is now being established, and people should repent and believe in the gospel. The kingdom will ultimately include the restoration of all creation (see Rev. 21:1), but that will come in stages.
Mark 1:22 The main purpose of Jesus’ earthly ministry was teaching rather than performing miracles or casting out demons, although these actions showed that God was with him. The scribes mentioned here may have been a local group of men who taught in the synagogues, rather than the scribes who “came down from Jerusalem” (3:22). Jesus taught with his own divine authority, not simply repeating the traditions of others.
Mark 1:23–25 By naming Jesus as the Holy One of God, the demon may have been trying to exercise power over Jesus.
Mark 1:26–28 they were all amazed. Casting out this demon confirms Jesus’ authority to teach. See note on Matt. 12:27.
Mark 1:32–34 Sundown marks the end of the Sabbath (roughly 6:00 P.M. Saturday). People are now permitted to come to Jesus with their needs.
Mark 1:40 A leper is ceremonially unclean (Lev. 13:45–46). As an outcast, he is financially and socially isolated, and is dependent on charity.
Mark 1:41–42 touched him. Instead of the leper making Jesus unclean, Jesus’ touch actually makes the leper clean.
Mark 1:44 say nothing. This is Mark’s first report of Jesus telling a healed person not to tell anyone of his being healed (see note on Matt. 8:4). Show yourself to the priest is commanded so that the healed person will be declared ceremonially clean (Lev. 14:2–31).
Mark 1:45 The people often miss the true purpose of Jesus’ ministry by focusing too much on his miracles.
Mark 2:1 Jesus returns to Capernaum (c. 20 miles [32 km] northeast of Nazareth), which serves as the base for his Galilean ministry.
Mark 2:2 no more room. The house probably held no more than 50 people.
Mark 2:5–7 Their faith probably refers to the faith of the friends who brought the paralytic to Jesus, but it may include the faith of the paralytic as well (see note on James 5:15). your sins are forgiven. Jesus claims to be able to forgive sins, as God alone can. Therefore his opponents think that he is guilty of blasphemy, which is punishable by death (Lev. 24:10–23; Num. 15:30–31; Mark 14:62–64).
Mark 2:8 perceiving . . . that they thus questioned within themselves. See note on Matt. 24:36.
Mark 2:10 The healing of the paralytic verifies that Jesus also has divine authority . . . to forgive sins. Son of Man is the way Jesus most frequently refers to himself in Mark’s Gospel. The term refers to both his human and his divine natures. See 8:38; 13:26; compare Dan. 7:13–14.
Mark 2:9–11 Which is easier? The fact that Jesus can do the visible miracle (heal the paralytic) is evidence that he can also do the more difficult invisible miracle (forgive sins).
Mark 2:14 Jesus continues to focus on “teaching” (v. 13; see note on 1:14–15). Levi (also called “Matthew”; 3:18; Matt. 9:9) collected taxes and thus was despised for collaborating with the Roman Empire. Most tax collectors kept some of the tax money for themselves. “Beside the sea” (Mark 2:13) suggests that the tax booth was by the Sea of Galilee and was used for taxing fishermen.
Reclining at the table. During formal dinners in NT times, guests reclined on a couch that stretched around three sides of a room (2:15). The host took the central place surrounded by a U-shaped series of tables. The most honored guests reclined on either side of the host, with the guests’ heads toward the tables and their feet toward the wall.
Mark 2:15–16 To recline at table indicates personal friendship. When dining formally in a home, guests reclined on a couch that stretched around three sides of a room. The guests’ heads were toward the tables and their feet toward the wall. tax collectors and sinners. According to the Pharisees (see note on John 1:24), Jesus should keep himself “clean” from such people (see Lev. 10:10).
Mark 2:17 Jesus compares those who are well to those who are righteous, and those who are sick to sinners.
Mark 2:18 fasting. See note on Matt. 6:16–18.
Mark 2:19–20 Jesus refers to himself as the bridegroom. In the OT, God the Father was the bridegroom (see Isa. 62:5; Hos. 2:19–20). then they will fast. When Jesus is taken away from his disciples (when he dies), they will return to fasting in order to seek God’s presence. But they do not need to do that when he is still with them (see Isa. 53:8).
Mark 2:21–22 unshrunk cloth . . . old garment. . . . new wine . . . old wineskins. The kingdom of God is not merely a patch over the Mosaic law and Jewish traditions. Jesus brings a new era, with new ways.
Mark 2:23–24 Deuteronomy 23:25 implies that, if a person is hungry, he is permitted to eat heads of grain from any field he might pass by. However the Pharisees decreed that, since plucking the grain involves “work,” it could not be done on the Sabbath.
Mark 2:25–26 The fact that David ate the bread of the Presence (1 Sam. 21:1–6) means that, if there is a serious need, actions are allowed on a Sabbath that otherwise might not be permitted.
Mark 2:27–28 Son of Man. See note on Matt. 8:20. If the Sabbath is for the benefit of mankind, and if the Son of Man is Lord over all mankind, then the Son of Man is surely lord even of the Sabbath.
Mark 3:2 The scribes believe that healing is a form of work and thus is not permitted on a Sabbath. Accuse is a technical term which means they are looking for legal evidence against Jesus.
Mark 3:3–5 To do good on the Sabbath would not violate the OT law, but it would violate the opponents’ Pharisaic tradition. Their tradition misses the point of the Mosaic law: to love God and one’s neighbor (see 12:29–31). Stretch out your hand. See note on Luke 6:10.
Mark 3:6 The Pharisees were quite different from the Herodians, who were friends and supporters of the Herodian family dynasty (see note on Matt. 22:16). However, these two groups held counsel together (see Ps. 2:2) in order to destroy Jesus, who was their common enemy (Mark 14:1–2).
Mark 3:7–8 Idumea. The region south of Judea. beyond the Jordan. The region east of the Jordan River. Tyre and Sidon. The region north of Galilee. All of these regions had belonged to Israel during the time of the judges, and descendants of the 12 tribes had resettled in the area following the Babylonian exile.
Mark 1:16–3:12 Jesus’ Early Galilean Ministry. The call of the disciples is intertwined with descriptions of Jesus’ authority over demons and sickness, as well as with authoritative teaching.
Mark 3:11–12 Jesus forbids unclean spirits to speak about him, so that they will not reveal his true identity before he wants to make himself known.
Jesus spent most of his life and ministry in the region of Galilee, a mountainous area in northern Palestine. Jesus grew up in the hill town of Nazareth, about 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south of the Gentile administrative center of Sepphoris. Soon after he began his public ministry, Jesus relocated to Capernaum on the Sea of Galilee. By Jesus’ time, a thriving fishing industry had developed around the Sea of Galilee, and several of Jesus’ disciples were fishermen.
Mark 3:14–15 Jesus appointed the twelve, whom he called out of the larger crowd that had been following him (vv. 7–9). The Twelve have a specific task: (1) that they might be with him, and (2) that he might send them out (1:17; 9:37). This is why they were called apostles (which means “sent out”; see note on Rom. 1:1). They were to (1) preach about the kingdom of God (Mark 1:14, 39; 6:12), (2) cast out demons (1:34, 39), and (3) heal the sick (6:13). The fact that Jesus chose 12 apostles is probably related to the 12 tribes of Israel (Rev. 21:14).
Mark 3:16–17 The core group of three disciples (see 5:37; 9:2; 14:33) is mentioned first: (Simon) Peter, James, and John. See note on Matt. 10:2.
James and his brother John were fishermen. Together with their father Zebedee, they were mending their nets when Jesus called them to be disciples. Jesus called James and John the “Sons of Thunder” (Mark 3:17; see Luke 9:54). James, along with Peter and John, were the disciples closest to Jesus. They were with the Lord during many of the key moments of his ministry. James was with Jesus at the Transfiguration, where Jesus revealed his divine glory. He was also with Jesus when he healed Jairus’s daughter (Mark 5:37). When Jesus prayed at Gethsemane, he asked James, John, and Peter to share with him the agonizing time of anticipation and sorrow as he faced the cross (Matt. 26:37). James was later executed by Herod, becoming the first apostle to die for his faith (Acts 12:1–3). (Matthew 4:21–22)
Mark 3:19 Judas Iscariot, who betrayed him is mentioned last.
Matthew 10:2–4 | Mark 3:16–19 | Luke 6:14–16 | John (various verses) | Acts 1:13 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1. Simon, who is called Peter | 1. Simon (to whom he gave the name Peter) | 1. Simon, whom he named Peter | Simon Peter (1:40–42) | 1. Peter |
2. Andrew his [Simon Peter’s] brother | 4. Andrew | 2. Andrew his [Simon Peter’s] brother | Andrew, Simon Peter’s brother (1:40) | 4. Andrew |
3. James the son of Zebedee | 2. James the son of Zebedee | 3. James | unnamed son of Zebedee (21:2) | 3. James |
4. John his [James’s] brother | 3. John the brother of James | 4. John | unnamed son of Zebedee (21:2) | 2. John |
5. Philip | 5. Philip | 5. Philip | Philip of Bethsaida (1:43–44) | 5. Philip |
6. Bartholomew | 6. Bartholomew | 6. Bartholomew | Nathanael of Cana (1:45–49; 21:2)** | 7. Bartholomew |
7. Thomas | 8. Thomas | 8. Thomas | Thomas called the Twin (11:16) | 6. Thomas |
8. Matthew the tax collector | 7. Matthew (Levi, son of Alphaeus, a tax collector, 2:14) | 7. Matthew (Levi, tax collector, 5:27) | 8. Matthew | |
9. James the son of Alphaeus | 9. James the son of Alphaeus | 9. James the son of Alphaeus | 9. James the son of Alphaeus | |
10. Thaddaeus | 10. Thaddaeus | 11. Judas the son of James | Judas (not Iscariot) (14:22) | 11. Judas the son of James |
11. Simon the Zealot | 11. Simon the Zealot | 10. Simon who was called the Zealot | 10. Simon the Zealot | |
12. Judas Iscariot | 12. Judas Iscariot | 12. Judas Iscariot | Judas the son of Simon Iscariot (6:71) | 12. Matthias replaces Judas [who had died] (Acts 1:26) |
*Others in the NT are regarded as apostles besides the Twelve, notably James the brother of Jesus (Acts 15:12–21; 1 Cor. 15:7; Gal. 1:19), Paul (Acts 14:4, 14; 1 Cor. 9:1; 15:8–9), and Barnabas (Acts 14:4, 14).
**Nathanael is probably Bartholomew, since he is closely associated with Philip. He is certainly not Levi/Matthew, who already has two names and who was from Capernaum. It is possible but unlikely that he is Thaddeus/Judas or Simon the Zealot.
Mark 3:21 The members of Jesus’ earthly family believe he is out of his mind (see John 7:5) because of all that has happened. (Some of Jesus’ brothers did later believe in him; see note on 1 Cor. 9:4–5.)
Mark 3:22 Beelzebul. See note on Matt. 10:25. by the prince of demons he casts out the demons. See note on Matt. 9:34.
Mark 3:29 blasphemes against the Holy Spirit. Looking forward to the substitutionary atonement of Jesus, v. 28 emphasized that “all sins will be forgiven.” However, if a person persistently gives credit to Satan for what is actually done by the power of God—that is, if a person is convinced that the Holy Spirit’s testimony about Jesus is satanic—then such a person never has forgiveness. (See note on Luke 12:10.)
Mark 3:35 Those who follow Jesus are the true family of God: whoever does the will of God (see John 7:17; Rom. 12:2), he is my brother and sister and mother (see Heb. 2:11–12).
Why does Mark say “immediately” so often? The Greek word translated “immediately” occurs in the Gospel of Mark more often than in the rest of the NT combined. The frequent use of the word stresses the importance of an event and helps to show that Christ’s ministry has a divine purpose and plan behind it.
Recently, I watched the movie Twisters with my wife and friends, and it was everything I enjoy from a summer blockbuster: twisters, twisters, and more twisters. It took only five minutes before the main characters encountered a giant tornado and became the center of the action.
When we read the Gospel of Mark, we experience a similar feeling: a lot of action in a short amount of time. Consider how frequently Mark uses the word immediately when describing an event. Mark wants us to experience Jesus' actions as much as possible in this book, because his actions demonstrate his divine authority. As Mark quickly introduces us to the "Son of God" who comes proclaiming the news of a new kingdom, we dive headfirst into the teachings, miracles, and controversies of Jesus' ministry, watching as his authority is revealed and people respond.
He calls his first disciples, and they immediately follow Him. He rebukes unclean spirits, and they come out. He heals the sick, and the crowds grow larger. He explains the Sabbath, and the religious leaders plot to kill Him. In fact, Jesus' own family calls him crazy. As we move quickly from interaction to interaction in these first three chapters, we see Jesus displaying his authority for a deeper purpose.
As we read the story of the paralyzed man in chapter 2, Jesus' authority arrives in full: He tells the paralyzed man that his sins are forgiven. This statement riles up the religious leaders who accuse Jesus of blasphemy, claiming that only God can forgive sins. Reading their minds, Jesus asks, "Which is easier, to say to the paralytic, 'Your sins are forgiven,' or to say, 'Rise, take up your bed and walk'?" He commands the paralytic to rise, take his mat, and go home. The man does so, leaving the crowd in awe and glorifying God.
Jesus uses this miracle to display his ultimate authority to forgive sins. As we journey through the rest of Mark, we're confronted with the reality that Jesus alone has the authority to forgive sins and that it's only through him that we are reconciled to God.
This month's memory verse
"I am the vine; you are the branches. Whoever abides in me and I in him, he it is that bears much fruit, for apart from me you can do nothing."
1. How do the disciples' immediate responses to Jesus' call in Mark 1:16-20 reflect the nature of discipleship? What can we learn from their willingness to follow Jesus without hesitation?
2. In Mark 1:21-34, Jesus demonstrates his authority by teaching in the synagogue, casting out an unclean spirit, and healing many sick people. How do these actions emphasize Jesus' divine authority, and why do you think Mark highlights these specific events early in his Gospel?
3. In Mark 2:1-12, Jesus forgives the sins of a paralyzed man, leading to accusations of blasphemy from religious leaders. How does this encounter reveal the tension between Jesus and the religious authorities? What does it teach us about the nature of Jesus' mission and authority?