October 3, 2025

The Greatest Betrayal of All Time

Matthew 26

Scott Fowler
Friday's Devo

October 3, 2025

Friday's Devo

October 3, 2025

Big Book Idea

Written to the Jews, and full of sermons, Matthew presents Jesus as king and shows us he came to fulfill the law.

Key Verse | Matthew 26:48-49

Now the betrayer had given them a sign, saying, "The one I will kiss is the man; seize him." And he came up to Jesus at once and said, "Greetings, Rabbi!" And he kissed him.

Matthew 26

Chapter 26

The Plot to Kill Jesus

When Jesus had finished all these sayings, he said to his disciples, “You know that after two days the Passover is coming, and the Son of Man will be delivered up to be crucified.”

Then the chief priests and the elders of the people gathered in the palace of the high priest, whose name was Caiaphas, and plotted together in order to arrest Jesus by stealth and kill him. But they said, “Not during the feast, lest there be an uproar among the people.”

Jesus Anointed at Bethany

Now when Jesus was at Bethany in the house of Simon the leper, 1 26:6 Leprosy was a term for several skin diseases; see Leviticus 13 a woman came up to him with an alabaster flask of very expensive ointment, and she poured it on his head as he reclined at table. And when the disciples saw it, they were indignant, saying, “Why this waste? For this could have been sold for a large sum and given to the poor.” 10 But Jesus, aware of this, said to them, “Why do you trouble the woman? For she has done a beautiful thing to me. 11 For you always have the poor with you, but you will not always have me. 12 In pouring this ointment on my body, she has done it to prepare me for burial. 13 Truly, I say to you, wherever this gospel is proclaimed in the whole world, what she has done will also be told in memory of her.”

Judas to Betray Jesus

14 Then one of the twelve, whose name was Judas Iscariot, went to the chief priests 15 and said, “What will you give me if I deliver him over to you?” And they paid him thirty pieces of silver. 16 And from that moment he sought an opportunity to betray him.

The Passover with the Disciples

17 Now on the first day of Unleavened Bread the disciples came to Jesus, saying, “Where will you have us prepare for you to eat the Passover?” 18 He said, “Go into the city to a certain man and say to him, ‘The Teacher says, My time is at hand. I will keep the Passover at your house with my disciples.’” 19 And the disciples did as Jesus had directed them, and they prepared the Passover.

20 When it was evening, he reclined at table with the twelve. 2 26:20 Some manuscripts add disciples 21 And as they were eating, he said, “Truly, I say to you, one of you will betray me.” 22 And they were very sorrowful and began to say to him one after another, “Is it I, Lord?” 23 He answered, “He who has dipped his hand in the dish with me will betray me. 24 The Son of Man goes as it is written of him, but woe to that man by whom the Son of Man is betrayed! It would have been better for that man if he had not been born.” 25 Judas, who would betray him, answered, “Is it I, Rabbi?” He said to him, “You have said so.”

Institution of the Lord's Supper

26 Now as they were eating, Jesus took bread, and after blessing it broke it and gave it to the disciples, and said, “Take, eat; this is my body.” 27 And he took a cup, and when he had given thanks he gave it to them, saying, “Drink of it, all of you, 28 for this is my blood of the 3 26:28 Some manuscripts insert new covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins. 29 I tell you I will not drink again of this fruit of the vine until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father's kingdom.”

Jesus Foretells Peter's Denial

30 And when they had sung a hymn, they went out to the Mount of Olives. 31 Then Jesus said to them, “You will all fall away because of me this night. For it is written, ‘I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep of the flock will be scattered.’ 32 But after I am raised up, I will go before you to Galilee.” 33 Peter answered him, “Though they all fall away because of you, I will never fall away.” 34 Jesus said to him, “Truly, I tell you, this very night, before the rooster crows, you will deny me three times.” 35 Peter said to him, “Even if I must die with you, I will not deny you!” And all the disciples said the same.

Jesus Prays in Gethsemane

36 Then Jesus went with them to a place called Gethsemane, and he said to his disciples, “Sit here, while I go over there and pray.” 37 And taking with him Peter and the two sons of Zebedee, he began to be sorrowful and troubled. 38 Then he said to them, “My soul is very sorrowful, even to death; remain here, and watch 4 26:38 Or keep awake; also verses 40, 41 with me.” 39 And going a little farther he fell on his face and prayed, saying, “My Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me; nevertheless, not as I will, but as you will.” 40 And he came to the disciples and found them sleeping. And he said to Peter, “So, could you not watch with me one hour? 41 Watch and pray that you may not enter into temptation. The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak.” 42 Again, for the second time, he went away and prayed, “My Father, if this cannot pass unless I drink it, your will be done.” 43 And again he came and found them sleeping, for their eyes were heavy. 44 So, leaving them again, he went away and prayed for the third time, saying the same words again. 45 Then he came to the disciples and said to them, “Sleep and take your rest later on. 5 26:45 Or Are you still sleeping and taking your rest? See, the hour is at hand, and the Son of Man is betrayed into the hands of sinners. 46 Rise, let us be going; see, my betrayer is at hand.”

Betrayal and Arrest of Jesus

47 While he was still speaking, Judas came, one of the twelve, and with him a great crowd with swords and clubs, from the chief priests and the elders of the people. 48 Now the betrayer had given them a sign, saying, “The one I will kiss is the man; seize him.” 49 And he came up to Jesus at once and said, “Greetings, Rabbi!” And he kissed him. 50 Jesus said to him, “Friend, do what you came to do.” 6 26:50 Or Friend, why are you here? Then they came up and laid hands on Jesus and seized him. 51 And behold, one of those who were with Jesus stretched out his hand and drew his sword and struck the servant 7 26:51 Or bondservant of the high priest and cut off his ear. 52 Then Jesus said to him, “Put your sword back into its place. For all who take the sword will perish by the sword. 53 Do you think that I cannot appeal to my Father, and he will at once send me more than twelve legions of angels? 54 But how then should the Scriptures be fulfilled, that it must be so?” 55 At that hour Jesus said to the crowds, “Have you come out as against a robber, with swords and clubs to capture me? Day after day I sat in the temple teaching, and you did not seize me. 56 But all this has taken place that the Scriptures of the prophets might be fulfilled.” Then all the disciples left him and fled.

Jesus Before Caiaphas and the Council

57 Then those who had seized Jesus led him to Caiaphas the high priest, where the scribes and the elders had gathered. 58 And Peter was following him at a distance, as far as the courtyard of the high priest, and going inside he sat with the guards to see the end. 59 Now the chief priests and the whole council 8 26:59 Greek Sanhedrin were seeking false testimony against Jesus that they might put him to death, 60 but they found none, though many false witnesses came forward. At last two came forward 61 and said, “This man said, ‘I am able to destroy the temple of God, and to rebuild it in three days.’” 62 And the high priest stood up and said, “Have you no answer to make? What is it that these men testify against you?” 9 26:62 Or Have you no answer to what these men testify against you? 63 But Jesus remained silent. And the high priest said to him, “I adjure you by the living God, tell us if you are the Christ, the Son of God.” 64 Jesus said to him, “You have said so. But I tell you, from now on you will see the Son of Man seated at the right hand of Power and coming on the clouds of heaven.” 65 Then the high priest tore his robes and said, “He has uttered blasphemy. What further witnesses do we need? You have now heard his blasphemy. 66 What is your judgment?” They answered, “He deserves death.” 67 Then they spit in his face and struck him. And some slapped him, 68 saying, “Prophesy to us, you Christ! Who is it that struck you?”

Peter Denies Jesus

69 Now Peter was sitting outside in the courtyard. And a servant girl came up to him and said, “You also were with Jesus the Galilean.” 70 But he denied it before them all, saying, “I do not know what you mean.” 71 And when he went out to the entrance, another servant girl saw him, and she said to the bystanders, “This man was with Jesus of Nazareth.” 72 And again he denied it with an oath: “I do not know the man.” 73 After a little while the bystanders came up and said to Peter, “Certainly you too are one of them, for your accent betrays you.” 74 Then he began to invoke a curse on himself and to swear, “I do not know the man.” And immediately the rooster crowed. 75 And Peter remembered the saying of Jesus, “Before the rooster crows, you will deny me three times.” And he went out and wept bitterly.

Footnotes

[1] 26:6 Leprosy was a term for several skin diseases; see Leviticus 13
[2] 26:20 Some manuscripts add disciples
[3] 26:28 Some manuscripts insert new
[4] 26:38 Or keep awake; also verses 40, 41
[5] 26:45 Or Are you still sleeping and taking your rest?
[6] 26:50 Or Friend, why are you here?
[7] 26:51 Or bondservant
[8] 26:59 Greek Sanhedrin
[9] 26:62 Or Have you no answer to what these men testify against you?
Table of Contents
Introduction to Matthew

Introduction to Matthew

Timeline

Author, Date, and Recipients

Matthew was probably written in the late 50s or early 60s A.D. Matthew (also called Levi), the former tax collector who became Jesus’ disciple, is the author. The original audience may have been the church in Antioch of Syria. Its members included Jewish and Gentile Christians.

Theme

Matthew tells the story of Jesus of Nazareth, the long-expected Messiah who brought the kingdom of God to earth.

Purpose

Matthew writes his Gospel to demonstrate that Jesus is the Messiah, that he has the right to the throne of David as Israel’s true King, and that he is the ultimate fulfillment of God’s promise to Abraham that his descendants would be a blessing to all the world (1:1; Gen. 12:1–3). Matthew seeks to encourage Jewish Christians (and all future disciples) to stand strong despite opposition. They should feel secure in the knowledge of their citizenship in God’s kingdom. Matthew shows that Gentiles also can find salvation through Jesus the Messiah.

Key Themes

  1. Portrait of Jesus (1:1, 23; 2:2; 14:33; 16:16; 18:20; 21:5–9).
  2. The bridge between Old and New Testaments (1:1–17, 22–23; 2:4–5, 15, 17, 23; 5:17–20).
  3. God’s continuing work of salvation within Israel, extended to all the peoples of the earth through the person and work of Christ (10:5–6; 28:19).
  4. The new community of faith (11:28; 16:18–19; 28:19).
  5. The church as built and maintained by Jesus’ continuing presence (16:18; 18:15–20; 22:10; 28:20).
  6. A “great commission” for evangelism and mission (28:19).
  7. Jesus’ five teachings as a manual on discipleship (chs. 5–7; 10; 13; 18–20; 24–25).

Outline

  1. The Arrival of Jesus the Messiah (1:1–2:23)
  2. John the Baptist Prepares for the Messianic Kingdom (3:1–17)
  3. Jesus the Messiah Begins to Advance the Messianic Kingdom (4:1–25)
  4. The Authoritative Message of the Messiah: Kingdom Life for His Disciples (5:1–7:29)
  5. The Authoritative Power of the Messiah: Kingdom Power Demonstrated (8:1–9:38)
  6. The Authoritative Mission of the Messiah’s Messengers (10:1–42)
  7. Opposition to the Messiah Increases (11:1–12:50)
  8. The Messianic Kingdom Revealed in Parables (13:1–53)
  9. The Identity of the Messiah Revealed (13:54–16:20)
  10. The Suffering of the Messiah Revealed (16:21–17:27)
  11. The Community of the Messiah Revealed (18:1–20:34)
  12. The Messiah Asserts His Authority over Jerusalem (21:1–23:39)
  13. The Delay, Return, and Judgment of the Messiah (24:1–25:46)
  14. The Crucified Messiah (26:1–27:66)
  15. The Resurrection and Commission of the Messiah (28:1–20)

The Setting of Matthew

The events in the book of Matthew take place almost entirely within the vicinity of Palestine, an area extending roughly from Caesarea Philippi in the north to Beersheba in the south. During this time it was ruled by the Roman Empire. The opening chapters describe events surrounding Jesus’ birth in Judea, where Herod had been appointed king by the Romans. The closing chapters end with Jesus’ death, resurrection, and ascension during the rule of Pontius Pilate and the tetrarchs Antipas and Philip.

The Setting of Matthew

The Global Message of Matthew

The Global Message of Matthew

Jesus Christ is the climax of the Bible and of all of human history. He brings the whole Old Testament to fulfillment, and he is also the means by which salvation floods out to the nations. Matthew’s Gospel thus has much to say to the global church today as God’s people, comprised of both Jew and Gentile, seek to “make disciples of all nations” (Matt. 28:19).

Matthew and Redemptive History

The purpose of creation was that mankind, made in God’s image as his ruling representatives, might be fruitful and multiply and spread God’s glory throughout the earth. This quest was repeatedly hijacked by sin, however, throughout the Old Testament. After Adam and Eve sinned, Noah was called by God to be fruitful and multiply, thereby assuming the mantle of spreading divine blessing (Gen. 9:1). After Noah ended his life in shame (Gen. 9:20–23), God called Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob to carry this mantle (Gen. 12:1–3; 15:5; 17:2; 22:17–18; 28:14; 35:11). Yet they too proved to be sinners, and unequal to the task. The nation of Israel, led by Moses, was also called to be fruitful and multiply (Deut. 6:3; 7:13), but it too failed in this worldwide mandate.

But at what proved to be the center of human history, God sent a Second Adam, a new Moses, a true Israel, to spread divine glory throughout the earth. This was Jesus Christ. He was called God’s “Son” just as Adam and Israel had been called God’s “son” (Luke 3:38; Ex. 4:22–23). This, however, was the personally divine Son of God, now incarnate, who gloriously succeeded in his mission. Indeed, he was the perfect prophet, priest, and king who succeeded where all the previous prophets, priests, and kings had failed. As he tells the story of this second Adam, Matthew connects his Gospel account to the Old Testament more frequently and more explicitly than any other Gospel writer. He repeatedly sees Jesus as the one who “fulfills” the promises of the Old Testament (e.g., Matt. 4:14–16; 8:17; 12:17–21; 26:54, 56; 27:9). And beyond explicit connections of Jesus to individual promises of the Old Testament, Matthew structures his whole Gospel in this way. Jesus gives five extended discourses, for example, echoing the five books of Moses—with whom Jesus also explicitly links himself (5:17–48).

In presenting Jesus as the fulfillment of the Old Testament, Matthew shows that Jesus is the one through whom God’s original blessings of creation are to spill forth to the world. Perhaps the commission of Genesis 1:28 to be fruitful and multiply throughout the whole earth is in the back of Jesus’ mind in his own commission to his disciples to fruitfully multiply disciples throughout the whole earth (Matt. 28:18–20).

Universal Themes in Matthew

The new family of God. The new community of faith is not defined by lineage from ethnic Israel. Rather, the new community transcends ethnic boundary markers and is defined by trusting faith in the Messiah, the coming king, Jesus. Jesus extends mercy to Gentiles (Matt. 12:18, 21) even as his own Jewish kinsmen are hard-hearted and resistant to the gospel (e.g., 23:1–39). The blessing that was intended to spread to the nations in the Old Testament finds realization in Jesus, who creates a new family of God composed of men and women from every tribe and people group and nation.

The global dimensions of discipleship. “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Go therefore and make disciples of all nations” (Matt. 28:18–19). The final charge to his disciples, built on the full authority (28:18) and everlasting presence (28:20) of Jesus, is to make disciples of all nations. The Christian gospel is not for a certain culture or class; it is not a parochial or regional gospel. It is a gospel for all, in fulfillment of God’s original call and promise to Abraham that in him “all the families of the earth shall be blessed” (Gen. 12:3).

The dawning of the kingdom and the coming new earth. Throughout Matthew, Jesus declares that the kingdom of heaven is dawning (Matt. 3:2; 4:17; 10:7; 11:12; 13:44–46). This is a worldwide kingdom, into which all people around the world are invited (24:14). And one day the consummation of this kingdom will be complete: explaining to his disciples what it takes to enter the kingdom of heaven, Jesus expressed the hope of a completely restored new earth, covering the globe as a fully restored and undefileable new Eden: “Truly, I say to you, in the new world, when the Son of Man will sit on his glorious throne, you who have followed me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel” (19:28). The Greek word here translated “new world” means “renewal” or “regeneration” (see Titus 3:5, the only other place this word is used in the New Testament). Here it refers to the total rebirth that the cosmos will undergo upon Christ’s return. No corner of creation will go un-restored. In Jesus the kingdom of heaven has dawned, and its final fulfillment is sure.

The Global Message of Matthew for Today

With Jesus, the dawning of the kingdom means that the curse of Genesis 3 has been dealt a decisive blow and the diseased fallenness of the world is beginning to lift. Matthew shows Jesus calming storms, rebuking demons, healing sickness, teaching his disciples, and cleansing the temple, all in fulfillment of Old Testament messianic hopes of a coming deliverer. In all of this, Jesus is ushering in the kingdom of heaven. He is reversing the curse of the fall (Gen. 3:14–19). The world is being restored to the way it was meant to be.

As Christians around the globe find themselves embattled with the effects of the fall—Satanic warfare, political oppression and corruption, economic adversity, dysfunctional family relationships, infant mortality, large-scale hunger, shortage of clean water—we are reminded from Matthew’s Gospel that amid all the darkness, light shines. And this light, though often repressed, must one day encompass the whole earth as Christ returns in final victory over sin, death, and Satan (Rev. 21:1–22:5). In the meantime, it is the church’s privilege to spread the love of Christ not only through word (for the next life) but also through deed (for this life), as the parable of the final judgment makes plain (Matt. 25:31–46).

Above all, global Christians remember the final three chapters of Matthew’s Gospel, in which the entire account climaxes. Here we see Jesus not only defeating Satan by casting demons out of people but defeating Satan by stealing his power of accusation: Jesus bears the punishment his people deserve, so that Satan can no longer accuse them. Here the Lamb of God is forsaken so that his people around the world and down through history, despite their sin, will never be forsaken (Matt. 27:46). Here the temple curtain is torn in two from top to bottom, because the way is now open for God’s people to meet with God openly and boldly—wherever they live, rather than only in Jerusalem (see Acts 1:8).

The kingdom has dawned (Matt. 3:2). The new world is coming (19:28). All authority is Christ’s (28:18). Let us go and make disciples of all nations (28:19).

Matthew Fact #25: Gethsemane

Fact: Gethsemane

Gethsemane was most likely a garden area among olive tree groves that had an area for pressing the olives into oil. Though the traditional site is now marked by the modern Church of All Nations, many archaeologists believe that a cave located a couple hundred feet north of there is a more likely location.

The Last Supper

The Last Supper

After Jesus and his disciples ate the Passover meal, they crossed the Kidron Valley and entered a garden called Gethsemane (meaning “oil press”), where they often spent time while visiting Jerusalem (see Luke 22:39).

The Last Supper

Jesus’ Arrest, Trial, and Crucifixion

Jesus’ Arrest, Trial, and Crucifixion

The path from Jesus’ arrest to his crucifixion (part of which is often called the Via Dolorosa, “ Way of Sorrows”) is difficult to retrace with certainty. According to a possible harmony of the Gospel accounts, after the Passover meal Judas led a contingent of soldiers to Gethsemane to arrest Jesus (1). From there Jesus was led to Annas (location unknown), who sent him to his son-in-law Caiaphas, the high priest (2). The Jewish leaders then appealed to the Roman governor Pilate to have Jesus put to death (3). Luke records that Pilate sent Jesus to Herod Antipas (4), who questioned Jesus but returned him to Pilate without rendering any judgment (5). Pilate then sent Jesus to be crucified at Golgotha (6).

Jesus’ Arrest, Trial, and Crucifixion

Zechariah Texts Quoted in the New Testament Regarding Jesus’ Ministry

Zechariah Texts Quoted in the New Testament Regarding Jesus’ Ministry

Zechariah Text Content Summary NT Passages
9:9 the king comes to Zion humble and riding a donkey Matt. 21:5; John 12:15
11:13 30 pieces of silver thrown into the house of the Lord Matt. 27:9
12:10 looking on him whom they have pierced John 19:37; Rev. 1:7
13:7 the shepherd is struck and the sheep scattered Matt. 26:31; Mark 14:27
The LORD of Hosts: Frequency and Use in the OT

The LORD of Hosts: Frequency and Use in the OT

Why does the title “LORD of hosts” appear more frequently in Malachi than in any other OT book, and in the time of prophetic books more than during other time periods? In the period of Isaiah, the northern kingdom was overrun and destroyed and the southern kingdom almost destroyed by the “hosts” (armies) of Assyria. God’s people had so few troops that the Assyrian King Sennacherib could mockingly challenge King Hezekiah with the offer of a gift of 2,000 horses if Hezekiah could find enough soldiers to ride them (Isa. 36:8). Similarly, in the period of Jeremiah, the southern kingdom was wiped out by the hosts (armies) of Babylon.

In the postexilic period of Malachi, the postage-stamp-sized Judah, as a tiny province within the vast Persian Empire, had no army of its own. It is precisely in such times, when God’s people are painfully aware of how limited their own resources are, that there is no greater comfort than the fact that the Lord has his invincible heavenly armies standing at the ready. It is like the comfort that Elisha prayed for his servant at Dothan when they were surrounded by the Syrian armies: “‘O LORD, please open his eyes that he may see.’ So the LORD opened the eyes of the young man, and he saw, and behold, the mountain was full of horses and chariots of fire all around Elisha” (2 Kings 6:17). Perhaps it is like the comfort felt by Jesus before the cross: “Do you think that I cannot appeal to my Father, and he will at once send me more than twelve legions of angels?” (Matt. 26:53).

The following chart shows the percentages of verses in a book containing at least one occurrence of the phrase, “LORD of hosts” (or related variation):

Malachi   (43.6%)
Haggai   (31.6%)
Zechariah   (21.8%)
Amos   (6.1%)
Jeremiah   (5.9%)
Isaiah   (4.7%)
Nahum   (4.3%)
Zephaniah   (3.8%)
Habakkuk   (1.8%)
Micah   (1.0%)
2 Samuel   (0.9%)
Psalms   (0.7%)
1 Samuel   (0.6%)
Hosea   (0.5%)
1 Kings   (0.4%)
1 Chronicles   (0.3%)
2 Kings   (0.3%)
Harmony of the Events of Holy Week

Harmony of the Events of Holy Week

Day Event Matthew Mark Luke John
Friday/Saturday Jesus arrives in Bethany       12:1
Mary anoints Jesus       12:2–8
Crowd comes to see Jesus       12:9–11
Sunday Triumphal entry into Jerusalem 21:1–11 11:1–10 19:28–44 12:12–18
Some Greeks seek Jesus       12:20–36
Jesus weeps over Jerusalem     19:41  
Enters temple   11:11    
Returns to Bethany 21:17 11:11    
Monday Jesus curses the fig tree 21:18–19 11:12–14    
Clears the temple 21:12–13 11:15–17 19:45–46  
Returns to Bethany with the Twelve   11:19    
Tuesday Disciples see the withered fig tree on the return to Jerusalem 21:20–22 11:20–21    
Temple controversies in Jerusalem 21:23–23:39 11:27–12:44 20:1–21:4  
Olivet Discourse on the return to Bethany 24:1–25:46 13:1–37 21:5–36  
Wednesday Jesus continues daily teaching in the temple     21:37–38  
Sanhedrin plots to kill Jesus 26:3–5 14:1–2 22:1–2  
Wednesday/Thursday Preparations for the Passover 26:17–19 14:12–16 22:7–13  
Thursday Passover meal/Last Supper 26:20–35 14:17–26 22:14–30  
Upper Room Discourse       13:1–17:26
Jesus prays in Gethsemane 26:36–46 14:32–42 22:39–46  
Friday Betrayal and arrest (after midnight?) 26:47–56 14:43–52 22:47–53 18:2–12
Jewish trial:        
   —before Annas       18:13–24
   —before Caiaphas and part of the Sanhedrin 26:57–75 14:53–72 22:54–65 18:19–24
   —before full Sanhedrin (after sunrise?) 27:1–2 15:1 22:66–71  
Roman trials:        
   —before Pilate 27:2–14 15:2–5 23:1–5  
   —before Herod     23:6–12  
   —before Pilate 27:15–26 15:6–15 23:13–25 18:28–19:16
Crucifixion (approx. 9:00 A.M.to 3:00 P.M.) 27:27–54 15:16–39 23:26–49 19:16–37
Burial (evening) 27:57–61 15:42–47 23:50–54 19:38–42
Sunday Empty-tomb witnesses 28:1–8 16:1–8 24:1–12  
Resurrection appearances 28:9–20 16:9–20 24:13–53 20:1–21:25
Peter

Peter

Peter and his brother Andrew were from the city of Bethsaida. The two fishermen were the first disciples called by Jesus, and they immediately left everything to follow him. Jesus gave Simon the name Cephas, or Peter, which means “rock” (John 1:42). Peter, James, and John became the close inner circle among the 12 disciples. Always listed first among the Twelve, Peter often served as their spokesman. He was with Jesus during the key events of his ministry, including the Transfiguration. Peter was one of Jesus’ most outspoken and passionate followers, though at times that enthusiasm was misplaced and needed a word of correction from Jesus (Matt. 19:27–30; 26:31–35, 69–75). Peter preached boldly at Pentecost. He was arrested multiple times, and even imprisoned, for preaching in the name of Jesus, but he remained faithful (Acts 12:1–19). Peter wrote the two NT letters that bear his name. He died a martyr in Rome, under Nero. (Matthew 16:13–20)

James

James

James and his brother John were fishermen. Together with their father Zebedee, they were mending their nets when Jesus called them to be disciples. Jesus called James and John the “Sons of Thunder” (Mark 3:17; see Luke 9:54). James, along with Peter and John, were the disciples closest to Jesus. They were with the Lord during many of the key moments of his ministry. James was with Jesus at the Transfiguration, where Jesus revealed his divine glory. He was also with Jesus when he healed Jairus’s daughter (Mark 5:37). When Jesus prayed at Gethsemane, he asked James, John, and Peter to share with him the agonizing time of anticipation and sorrow as he faced the cross (Matt. 26:37). James was later executed by Herod, becoming the first apostle to die for his faith (Acts 12:1–3). (Matthew 4:21–22)

Study Notes

Matt. 26:2 The Passover was celebrated annually in remembrance of Israel’s exodus from Egypt (see notes on Exodus 12). Son of Man. See note on Matt. 8:20. This is the fourth time that Jesus predicts his arrest and crucifixion (see 16:21; 17:22–23; 20:17–19).

Study Notes

Matt. 26:3–4 chief priests and the elders of the people. Representatives of the Sanhedrin, the ruling body in Jerusalem, but not the full assembly. palace. The private residence of the high priest. Caiaphas was high priest A.D. 18 to 36. He was the son-in-law of Annas, the previous high priest (see note on John 18:24).

Study Notes

Matt. 26:5 feast. Thousands of pilgrims made the journey to Jerusalem to celebrate Passover. There was much national pride as they recalled their ancestors’ liberation from bondage in Egypt. uproar. Popular uprisings were common, especially during such feasts.

Study Notes

Matt. 26:6 Bethany. See note on 21:17. Jesus had most likely healed Simon the leper. The meal is hosted in Simon’s home. People healed of leprosy were not required to live apart from the general population.

Study Notes

Matt. 26:7 a woman. Identified in John 12:3 as Mary, sister of Martha and Lazarus. expensive ointment. “Pure nard” (see Mark 14:3; John 12:3), a perfume oil used for solemn acts of devotion (see note on Mark 14:3–5).

Study Notes

Matt. 26:9 large sum. The perfume was valued at “more than three hundred denarii” (Mark 14:5), approximately a year’s wages for the average worker.

Study Notes

Matt. 26:6–13 Matthew records this account of Jesus’ anointing at Bethany thematically. John records it chronologically, on Saturday night before Jesus’ triumphal entry (John 12:1–11).

Study Notes

Matt. 26:14 one of the twelve. Judas’s treachery is heightened by the fact that he is one of Jesus’ chosen apostles.

Study Notes

Matt. 26:15–16 thirty pieces of silver. In the OT, this was the penalty paid by the owner of an ox that gored a slave to death (Ex. 21:32). Equivalent to about four months’ wages for a laborer, this meager sum suggests the low esteem in which both Judas and the chief priests held Jesus.

Study Notes

Matt. 26:17 first day of Unleavened Bread. The Festival of Unleavened Bread lasted seven days in the Jewish month of Nisan (late March or early April; see Lev. 23:5–6). prepare for you to eat the Passover. Preparations for the Passover were made on Thursday afternoon. Jesus and the disciples ate the Passover meal after sundown on Thursday evening. Jesus instituted the Lord’s Supper later that evening.

The Last Supper

The Last Supper

After Jesus and his disciples ate the Passover meal, they crossed the Kidron Valley and entered a garden called Gethsemane (meaning “oil press”), where they often spent time while visiting Jerusalem (see Luke 22:39).

The Last Supper

Study Notes

Matt. 26:20 reclined at table. In formal dining, the host took the center seat at a U-shaped series of low tables. He was surrounded by the most honored guests on either side. The guests reclined with their heads toward the tables and their feet toward the wall.

Study Notes

Matt. 26:23 He who has dipped his hand in the dish with me. The custom was to take a piece of bread or a piece of meat in bread and dip it into a common bowl of sauce on the table. Each of those around the room had done so. At this point the betrayer could have been any of the Twelve.

Study Notes

Matt. 26:24 as it is written. A reference to the suffering servant prophesies in Isaiah 42–53.

Study Notes

Matt. 26:25 Rabbi. The larger group around the table addresses Jesus as “Lord” (v. 22), but Judas addresses him as “Rabbi,” or “Teacher.” There is no record of Judas ever calling Jesus “Lord.” You have said so is a Greek expression that deflects responsibility back upon the one asking a question (see v. 64).

Study Notes

Matt. 26:26 bread . . . this is my body. Jesus’ physical death fulfills the ceremonies surrounding the Passover lamb and other OT sacrifices. He will become the sacrificial atonement for the people’s sins.

Study Notes

Matt. 26:27 cup. Most likely the third of four cups in the Passover observance—the cup of blessing, or the cup of redemption. It corresponds to God’s third promise in Ex. 6:6.

Study Notes

Matt. 26:28 blood of the covenant. The cup foreshadows the shedding of Jesus’ blood and his absorbing of God’s wrath. This opens the way for the redemption of all peoples through the new covenant relationship with God that was promised to the people of Israel (see Jer. 31:31, 34).

Study Notes

Matt. 26:29 drink it new with you in my Father’s kingdom. The messianic banquet (compare 8:11; Rev. 19:9).

Study Notes
Study Notes

Matt. 26:31 You will all fall away. All the disciples will forsake Jesus and run (v. 56). They will still be his disciples, but they will fail to stand with him against persecution.

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Zechariah Texts Quoted in the New Testament Regarding Jesus’ Ministry

Zechariah Texts Quoted in the New Testament Regarding Jesus’ Ministry

Zechariah Text Content Summary NT Passages
9:9 the king comes to Zion humble and riding a donkey Matt. 21:5; John 12:15
11:13 30 pieces of silver thrown into the house of the Lord Matt. 27:9
12:10 looking on him whom they have pierced John 19:37; Rev. 1:7
13:7 the shepherd is struck and the sheep scattered Matt. 26:31; Mark 14:27
Study Notes

Matt. 26:34 rooster crows. Marking the sunrise.

Study Notes
Peter

Peter

Peter and his brother Andrew were from the city of Bethsaida. The two fishermen were the first disciples called by Jesus, and they immediately left everything to follow him. Jesus gave Simon the name Cephas, or Peter, which means “rock” (John 1:42). Peter, James, and John became the close inner circle among the 12 disciples. Always listed first among the Twelve, Peter often served as their spokesman. He was with Jesus during the key events of his ministry, including the Transfiguration. Peter was one of Jesus’ most outspoken and passionate followers, though at times that enthusiasm was misplaced and needed a word of correction from Jesus (Matt. 19:27–30; 26:31–35, 69–75). Peter preached boldly at Pentecost. He was arrested multiple times, and even imprisoned, for preaching in the name of Jesus, but he remained faithful (Acts 12:1–19). Peter wrote the two NT letters that bear his name. He died a martyr in Rome, under Nero. (Matthew 16:13–20)

Study Notes

Matt. 26:36 Gethsemane means “oil press,” indicating a garden area on the Mount of Olives where olive oil was prepared.

Jesus’ Arrest, Trial, and Crucifixion

Jesus’ Arrest, Trial, and Crucifixion

The path from Jesus’ arrest to his crucifixion (part of which is often called the Via Dolorosa, “ Way of Sorrows”) is difficult to retrace with certainty. According to a possible harmony of the Gospel accounts, after the Passover meal Judas led a contingent of soldiers to Gethsemane to arrest Jesus (1). From there Jesus was led to Annas (location unknown), who sent him to his son-in-law Caiaphas, the high priest (2). The Jewish leaders then appealed to the Roman governor Pilate to have Jesus put to death (3). Luke records that Pilate sent Jesus to Herod Antipas (4), who questioned Jesus but returned him to Pilate without rendering any judgment (5). Pilate then sent Jesus to be crucified at Golgotha (6).

Jesus’ Arrest, Trial, and Crucifixion

Matthew Fact #25: Gethsemane

Fact: Gethsemane

Gethsemane was most likely a garden area among olive tree groves that had an area for pressing the olives into oil. Though the traditional site is now marked by the modern Church of All Nations, many archaeologists believe that a cave located a couple hundred feet north of there is a more likely location.

Study Notes
James

James

James and his brother John were fishermen. Together with their father Zebedee, they were mending their nets when Jesus called them to be disciples. Jesus called James and John the “Sons of Thunder” (Mark 3:17; see Luke 9:54). James, along with Peter and John, were the disciples closest to Jesus. They were with the Lord during many of the key moments of his ministry. James was with Jesus at the Transfiguration, where Jesus revealed his divine glory. He was also with Jesus when he healed Jairus’s daughter (Mark 5:37). When Jesus prayed at Gethsemane, he asked James, John, and Peter to share with him the agonizing time of anticipation and sorrow as he faced the cross (Matt. 26:37). James was later executed by Herod, becoming the first apostle to die for his faith (Acts 12:1–3). (Matthew 4:21–22)

Study Notes

Matt. 26:39 fell on his face. In this typical posture of complete humility in prayer, Jesus lays his life before his Father. He prepares to accomplish his life’s mission—to bear the sins of the world—which is what this cup signifies. See note on 20:22–23.

Study Notes

Matt. 26:41 Their temptation was to sleep and thus to fail in their responsibility to support Jesus. It may also refer to the temptation to deny Jesus when he is led away to the cross (see vv. 31–35).

Study Notes

Matt. 26:47 one of the twelve. See note on v. 14. The great crowd included Roman soldiers assigned to the temple for security, carrying swords, and temple police and personal guards of the chief priests and Sanhedrin (elders), carrying clubs.

Study Notes

Matt. 26:48 kiss. A customary way for friends in ancient Israel to greet one another now becomes the means of betrayal.

Study Notes

Matt. 26:49 Rabbi. See note on v. 25.

Study Notes

Matt. 26:50 When Jesus addresses Judas as Friend, he uses a word meaning “acquaintance,” rather than a word implying closeness or affection.

Study Notes

Matt. 26:51 one of those who were with Jesus. Simon Peter (see John 18:10–11). servant of the high priest. Malchus (see John 18:10).

Study Notes

Matt. 26:53 twelve legions. 72,000 soldiers. A Roman legion at full strength had 6,000 soldiers.

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The LORD of Hosts: Frequency and Use in the OT

The LORD of Hosts: Frequency and Use in the OT

Why does the title “LORD of hosts” appear more frequently in Malachi than in any other OT book, and in the time of prophetic books more than during other time periods? In the period of Isaiah, the northern kingdom was overrun and destroyed and the southern kingdom almost destroyed by the “hosts” (armies) of Assyria. God’s people had so few troops that the Assyrian King Sennacherib could mockingly challenge King Hezekiah with the offer of a gift of 2,000 horses if Hezekiah could find enough soldiers to ride them (Isa. 36:8). Similarly, in the period of Jeremiah, the southern kingdom was wiped out by the hosts (armies) of Babylon.

In the postexilic period of Malachi, the postage-stamp-sized Judah, as a tiny province within the vast Persian Empire, had no army of its own. It is precisely in such times, when God’s people are painfully aware of how limited their own resources are, that there is no greater comfort than the fact that the Lord has his invincible heavenly armies standing at the ready. It is like the comfort that Elisha prayed for his servant at Dothan when they were surrounded by the Syrian armies: “‘O LORD, please open his eyes that he may see.’ So the LORD opened the eyes of the young man, and he saw, and behold, the mountain was full of horses and chariots of fire all around Elisha” (2 Kings 6:17). Perhaps it is like the comfort felt by Jesus before the cross: “Do you think that I cannot appeal to my Father, and he will at once send me more than twelve legions of angels?” (Matt. 26:53).

The following chart shows the percentages of verses in a book containing at least one occurrence of the phrase, “LORD of hosts” (or related variation):

Malachi   (43.6%)
Haggai   (31.6%)
Zechariah   (21.8%)
Amos   (6.1%)
Jeremiah   (5.9%)
Isaiah   (4.7%)
Nahum   (4.3%)
Zephaniah   (3.8%)
Habakkuk   (1.8%)
Micah   (1.0%)
2 Samuel   (0.9%)
Psalms   (0.7%)
1 Samuel   (0.6%)
Hosea   (0.5%)
1 Kings   (0.4%)
1 Chronicles   (0.3%)
2 Kings   (0.3%)
Study Notes

Matt. 26:57–58 The headquarters of Caiaphas the high priest was likely a mansion, probably on the eastern slope of Jerusalem, overlooking the temple area.

Study Notes

Matt. 26:59 The whole council (the “Sanhedrin”) need not include all 70 members of the highest court of the Jews. It may indicate only those hastily assembled in the middle of the night (23 members made a quorum). The Romans were ultimately in control of all judicial proceedings, but they allowed their subjects some freedom to try their own cases.

Study Notes

Matt. 26:61–62 I am able to destroy the temple of God. Jesus’ opponents misquoted this saying and took it out of context (see John 2:19–21).

Study Notes

Matt. 26:63 Jesus is silent, fulfilling Isa. 53:7 and making his accusers responsible for his death. tell us if you are the Christ. Caiaphas wants Jesus to admit to this charge so that he can be accused of rebellion against Rome and be tried before Pilate.

Study Notes

Matt. 26:64 You have said so. See note on v. 25. Jesus declares that he is not only the human Messiah anticipated by the Jews but also the divine Son of Man (see Dan. 7:13–14; note on Matt. 8:20) who sits at the right hand of God (Ps. 110:1–2).

Study Notes

Matt. 26:65 tore his robes. Such an action was normally prohibited for the high priest (Lev. 10:6; 21:10), but Jesus’ astounding claim causes a strong response. blasphemy. Because Jesus claims divine status as the Son of Man.

Study Notes

Matt. 26:66 If Jesus is lying by claiming to be divine, then indeed he deserves death according to Jewish law (see Lev. 24:10–23). The irony is that he will be executed for telling the truth.

Study Notes
Study Notes

Matt. 26:73 All of Jesus’ disciples except Judas were from Galilee. Judeans looked down on Galileans because of their regional accent.

Study Notes

Matt. 26:74 curse . . . swear. Most likely calling upon God’s wrath to strike him if he is lying.

Study Notes
Peter

Peter

Peter and his brother Andrew were from the city of Bethsaida. The two fishermen were the first disciples called by Jesus, and they immediately left everything to follow him. Jesus gave Simon the name Cephas, or Peter, which means “rock” (John 1:42). Peter, James, and John became the close inner circle among the 12 disciples. Always listed first among the Twelve, Peter often served as their spokesman. He was with Jesus during the key events of his ministry, including the Transfiguration. Peter was one of Jesus’ most outspoken and passionate followers, though at times that enthusiasm was misplaced and needed a word of correction from Jesus (Matt. 19:27–30; 26:31–35, 69–75). Peter preached boldly at Pentecost. He was arrested multiple times, and even imprisoned, for preaching in the name of Jesus, but he remained faithful (Acts 12:1–19). Peter wrote the two NT letters that bear his name. He died a martyr in Rome, under Nero. (Matthew 16:13–20)

S4:237 Matthew 26

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Dive Deeper | Matthew 26

At some point, we've all experienced betrayal, whether through someone's deliberate actions or their failure to support us when needed. And the closer that person is to us, the more it hurts, right?

As one of the disciples, Judas was certainly close to Jesus. He was there for Jesus' public and private moments—both when Jesus taught the crowds and performed miracles, and in private when Jesus instructed the disciples and even predicted his own death. The disciples shared meals with Jesus and traveled with him. These men spent a lot of very meaningful and personal time together.

And yet, not only did Judas betray Jesus, he did it with a kiss—a sign of honor, respect, and brotherly love in their culture. It was brazen and hypocritical, to say the least. So, what can we take from this?

A clue is in Jesus' immediate response, "Friend, do what you came to do."

The Greek word for friend used here appears only two other times in the New Testament, both in Matthew's Gospel. In the parable of the workers in the vineyard (Matthew 20), the "friend" is a worker who complains about his wages, resentful that his master paid another worker (who worked fewer hours) the same amount. In the parable of the wedding banquet (Matthew 22), the "friend" attends the wedding feast of the king's son improperly dressed, believing that his clothes (his righteousness, if you will) were good enough for the event. The man in the vineyard was rebuked, and the man at the wedding was thrown out. Whether motivated by money or self-righteousness, these "friends" loved different things and served different gods.

Like these men, Judas wasn't aligned with his master. Despite his proximity to Jesus, Judas didn't trust in, rely upon, or share the same priorities as Jesus. Although Judas was known as "one of the disciples," he was not actually a disciple of Christ.

Appearances can be deceiving. We would do well to heed Jesus' sober warning in Matthew 7:21-23 that simply doing Christian things doesn't make us Christ's disciples.

In whom do you trust?

This month's memory verse

"I am the vine; you are the branches. Whoever abides in me and I in him, he it is that bears much fruit, for apart from me you can do nothing."

– John 15:5

Discussion Questions

1. Where in your life are you knowingly and willfully deceiving yourself?

2. While Judas explicitly betrayed Jesus by identifying him to be arrested, Matthew 26:56 notes that all the disciples deserted him and fled—a more subtle but equally revealing betrayal. In what types of situations are you prone to desert Jesus and flee? How can you gird yourself to resist this temptation?

3. In Matthew 26:6-13, what does the disciples' reaction to the woman "wasting" the expensive perfume reveal about the state of their hearts? In what ways do your interactions with Christ veer towards transactional ("If I do this, you'll do that") rather than relational?