July 11, 2025

Intimacy with God precedes intimacy with each other.

Song of Solomon 4-6

Catherine Otis
Friday's Devo

July 11, 2025

Friday's Devo

July 11, 2025

Big Book Idea

God's design for relationships is always best.

Key Verse | Song of Solomon 6:3

I am my beloved's and my beloved is mine;
he grazes among the lilies.

Song of Solomon 4-6

Chapter 4

Solomon Admires His Bride's Beauty

He

Behold, you are beautiful, my love,
    behold, you are beautiful!
Your eyes are doves
    behind your veil.
Your hair is like a flock of goats
    leaping down the slopes of Gilead.
Your teeth are like a flock of shorn ewes
    that have come up from the washing,
all of which bear twins,
    and not one among them has lost its young.
Your lips are like a scarlet thread,
    and your mouth is lovely.
Your cheeks are like halves of a pomegranate
    behind your veil.
Your neck is like the tower of David,
    built in rows of stone; 1 4:4 The meaning of the Hebrew word is uncertain
on it hang a thousand shields,
    all of them shields of warriors.
Your two breasts are like two fawns,
    twins of a gazelle,
    that graze among the lilies.
Until the day breathes
    and the shadows flee,
I will go away to the mountain of myrrh
    and the hill of frankincense.
You are altogether beautiful, my love;
    there is no flaw in you.
Come with me from Lebanon, my bride;
    come with me from Lebanon.
Depart 2 4:8 Or Look from the peak of Amana,
    from the peak of Senir and Hermon,
from the dens of lions,
    from the mountains of leopards.

You have captivated my heart, my sister, my bride;
    you have captivated my heart with one glance of your eyes,
    with one jewel of your necklace.
10  How beautiful is your love, my sister, my bride!
    How much better is your love than wine,
    and the fragrance of your oils than any spice!
11  Your lips drip nectar, my bride;
    honey and milk are under your tongue;
    the fragrance of your garments is like the fragrance of Lebanon.
12  A garden locked is my sister, my bride,
    a spring locked, a fountain sealed.
13  Your shoots are an orchard of pomegranates
    with all choicest fruits,
    henna with nard,
14  nard and saffron, calamus and cinnamon,
    with all trees of frankincense,
myrrh and aloes,
    with all choice spices—
15  a garden fountain, a well of living water,
    and flowing streams from Lebanon.

16  Awake, O north wind,
    and come, O south wind!
Blow upon my garden,
    let its spices flow.

Together in the Garden of Love

She

Let my beloved come to his garden,
    and eat its choicest fruits.

Chapter 5

He

I came to my garden, my sister, my bride,
    I gathered my myrrh with my spice,
    I ate my honeycomb with my honey,
    I drank my wine with my milk.

Others

Eat, friends, drink,
    and be drunk with love!

The Bride Searches for Her Beloved

She

I slept, but my heart was awake.
A sound! My beloved is knocking.
“Open to me, my sister, my love,
    my dove, my perfect one,
for my head is wet with dew,
    my locks with the drops of the night.”
I had put off my garment;
    how could I put it on?
I had bathed my feet;
    how could I soil them?
My beloved put his hand to the latch,
    and my heart was thrilled within me.
I arose to open to my beloved,
    and my hands dripped with myrrh,
my fingers with liquid myrrh,
    on the handles of the bolt.
I opened to my beloved,
    but my beloved had turned and gone.
My soul failed me when he spoke.
I sought him, but found him not;
    I called him, but he gave no answer.
The watchmen found me
    as they went about in the city;
they beat me, they bruised me,
    they took away my veil,
    those watchmen of the walls.
I adjure you, O daughters of Jerusalem,
    if you find my beloved,
that you tell him
    I am sick with love.

Others

What is your beloved more than another beloved,
    O most beautiful among women?
What is your beloved more than another beloved,
    that you thus adjure us?

The Bride Praises Her Beloved

She

10  My beloved is radiant and ruddy,
    distinguished among ten thousand.
11  His head is the finest gold;
    his locks are wavy,
    black as a raven.
12  His eyes are like doves
    beside streams of water,
bathed in milk,
    sitting beside a full pool. 3 5:12 The meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain
13  His cheeks are like beds of spices,
    mounds of sweet-smelling herbs.
His lips are lilies,
    dripping liquid myrrh.
14  His arms are rods of gold,
    set with jewels.
His body is polished ivory, 4 5:14 The meaning of the Hebrew word is uncertain
    bedecked with sapphires. 5 5:14 Hebrew lapis lazuli
15  His legs are alabaster columns,
    set on bases of gold.
His appearance is like Lebanon,
    choice as the cedars.
16  His mouth 6 5:16 Hebrew palate is most sweet,
    and he is altogether desirable.
This is my beloved and this is my friend,
    O daughters of Jerusalem.

Chapter 6

Others

Where has your beloved gone,
    O most beautiful among women?
Where has your beloved turned,
    that we may seek him with you?

Together in the Garden of Love

She

My beloved has gone down to his garden
    to the beds of spices,
to graze 7 6:2 Or to pasture his flock; also verse 3 in the gardens
    and to gather lilies.
I am my beloved's and my beloved is mine;
    he grazes among the lilies.

Solomon and His Bride Delight in Each Other

He

You are beautiful as Tirzah, my love,
    lovely as Jerusalem,
    awesome as an army with banners.
Turn away your eyes from me,
    for they overwhelm me—
Your hair is like a flock of goats
    leaping down the slopes of Gilead.
Your teeth are like a flock of ewes
    that have come up from the washing;
all of them bear twins;
    not one among them has lost its young.
Your cheeks are like halves of a pomegranate
    behind your veil.
There are sixty queens and eighty concubines,
    and virgins without number.
My dove, my perfect one, is the only one,
    the only one of her mother,
    pure to her who bore her.
The young women saw her and called her blessed;
    the queens and concubines also, and they praised her.

10  “Who is this who looks down like the dawn,
    beautiful as the moon, bright as the sun,
    awesome as an army with banners?”

She

11  I went down to the nut orchard
    to look at the blossoms of the valley,
to see whether the vines had budded,
    whether the pomegranates were in bloom.
12  Before I was aware, my desire set me
    among the chariots of my kinsman, a prince. 8 6:12 Or chariots of Ammi-Nadib

Others

13  9 6:13 Ch 7:1 in Hebrew Return, return, O Shulammite,
    return, return, that we may look upon you.

He

Why should you look upon the Shulammite,
    as upon a dance before two armies? 10 6:13 Or dance of Mahanaim

Footnotes

[1] 4:4 The meaning of the Hebrew word is uncertain
[2] 4:8 Or Look
[3] 5:12 The meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain
[4] 5:14 The meaning of the Hebrew word is uncertain
[5] 5:14 Hebrew lapis lazuli
[6] 5:16 Hebrew palate
[7] 6:2 Or to pasture his flock; also verse 3
[8] 6:12 Or chariots of Ammi-Nadib
[9] 6:13 Ch 7:1 in Hebrew
[10] 6:13 Or dance of Mahanaim
Table of Contents
Introduction to The Song of Solomon

Introduction to The Song of Solomon

Timeline

Author and Date

The wording of the first verse in Song of Solomon (or Song of Songs; 1:1) does not necessarily mean that Solomon wrote the book. It may have been written by Solomon himself, or it could have been written in his honor. When he is mentioned (1:5; 3:7, 9, 11; 8:11–12), it is generally as a distant, even idealized figure. What is known about Solomon suggests that he probably was not the writer himself (1 Kings 3:1; 11:1–8). However, the book was probably composed during Solomon’s time, perhaps under his oversight, between c. 960 and 931 B.C.

Theme

The Song of Solomon contains beautiful poetry expressing romantic love between a young man and a young woman in ancient Israel. He is a shepherd (1:7) and she is a shepherdess (1:8). They are looking forward to their marriage and the pleasure it will bring.

Interpreting Literary Images

The Song of Solomon includes several extravagant comparisons. For example, the woman is compared to a horse in Pharaoh’s court (1:9), and her hair is compared to a flock of goats (4:1). It is helpful to remember that (1) the comparisons are figurative rather than literal, and (2) what the person has in common with what he or she is compared with is a certain quality, usually the quality of excellence, or of being the best of its kind.

Structure

The author has presented the Song of Solomon as a series of exchanges, mostly between the shepherdess and the shepherd, with the chorus-like “others” sprinkled in. These others usually pick up items from the lovers’ speeches and urge the two forward in love. There is also a refrain, “I adjure you, O daughters of Jerusalem, . . . that you not stir up or awaken love until it pleases” (2:7; 3:5; 8:4; variation in 5:8), spoken by the shepherdess. This is understood as her urging the other women not to push this love too fast, in order to let it reach its consummation at the right time (the marriage bed, which seems to begin in 8:5).

Key Themes

  1. God’s law commands sexual purity. Marriage provides the right framework within which his people may properly enjoy the gift of sexual intimacy (see Gen. 2:23–24). Thus God’s people honor him and commend him to the world when they demonstrate with their lives that obedience in such matters brings genuine delight.
  2. Marriage is a gift of God, and is to be founded on loyalty and commitment (see Gen. 2:24, “hold fast”), which allows delight to flourish. As such, it is a fitting image for God’s relationship with his people.

Outline

  1. Title: The Best of Songs (1:1)
  2. The Lovers Yearn for Each Other (1:2–2:17)
  3. The Shepherdess Dreams (3:1–6:3)
  4. The Lovers Yearn for Each Other Again (6:4–8:4)
  5. The Lovers Join in Marriage (8:5–14)
The Global Message of The Song of Solomon

The Global Message of The Song of Solomon

The Song of Solomon paints a beautifully passionate, pure, and even provocative picture of marriage and sexuality. It may seem remarkable, to Christians and nonbelievers alike, that such a book is a part of the biblical canon. And how different Scripture would be without this book! What, then, is the global message of the Song of Solomon? What message does the universal church need to hear from its pages?

God’s Glorious Design in Marriage and Sexuality

Sexuality was God’s idea. Human sexuality is one of God’s most marvelous and blessed ideas. God is not boring, prudish, or ashamed of sex. To make the mating procedure whereby procreation takes place an experience of intense attraction, intense bonding, and intense pleasure was his idea! The beauty of human sexuality is expressed thoroughly and without hesitation in the Song of Solomon. The very first words of the young maiden express her intense desire for her beloved: “Let him kiss me with the kisses of his mouth!” (Song 1:2). There is a refreshing freedom, joy, and delight expressed by the couple in their passionate mutual admiration (1:9–10, 12–16; 2:9, 14; 4:1–15; 5:10–16; 6:5–10; 7:1–9), their intense sexual longing for marriage (1:2–2:17; 7:11–8:3), and the final and wonderful consummation of their marriage bond.

God’s gift to all humanity. The command to become one flesh pre-dates the fall (Gen. 1:28). Sex was not a concession to sinful mankind. It was a blessed provision and gift from God for humanity to enjoy. It is a gift of common grace.

God’s design for sexuality. God designed sex to be enjoyed within the marriage context. The repeated admonition not to “stir up or awaken love until it pleases” emphasizes that there is a right and a wrong time for sex (see Song 2:7; 3:5; 8:4). Scripture strongly forbids the improper use and context of sex. For example, sex outside of marriage, or with someone other than one’s spouse, or with someone of the same sex are explicitly prohibited (Lev. 18:22; Prov. 5:20–23; 1 Cor. 6:9). Yet Scripture just as strongly commends the full enjoyment of sex within the God-ordained context of marriage (Prov. 5:15–19; 1 Cor. 7:3). Such sexual enjoyment between a husband and wife is a blessed expression of lifelong commitment and mutual delight. There is joyful celebration of the beauty of creation in the human body in all its features and distinctiveness. There is a wonder and glory in God’s creation of male and female, and the beauty of each gender complements the other. There is freedom and security found in unrivaled, exclusive, passionate, and lifelong commitment.

The Song of Solomon is refreshingly honest in acknowledging that waiting for love and not misusing sexuality are difficult. Sexual longing is not wrong, but sexual enjoyment before marriage defiles God’s design. Though sexual desire is great, sexual enjoyment must be waited for and enjoyed in God’s proper timing and design.

The World’s Broken Sexuality

This is a message that our world needs to hear. One of the most painful expressions of the fall of mankind in our world today is in the area of sexuality. Sexuality is broadly misunderstood, misused, and abused. While various cultures and each generation offer varied and supposedly “progressive” perspectives on sexuality, God’s view is timeless.

We live in a fallen world in need of a Savior. Marital conflict, divorce, sexual immorality, and sexual abuse teach us of the painful impact of sin and each person’s desperate need for a Savior. The Internet has radically transformed the nature of pornography, now that it is almost universally accessible. Around the world there is an unprecedented amount of trafficking in human beings, a large proportion of whom are exploited and abused in the sex industry. Such abuse of men, women, and even children, all of whom are made in God’s image and have inherent dignity, is wicked. Indeed, it is one of the most God-offending, pervasive, and evil forms of wrongful sexuality in our world today.

The Global Church’s Witness in Sexuality

Through Christ, God’s design for humanity in all its fullness is being restored and renewed. The Song of Solomon presents a picture of God-honoring sexual delight that is one expression of the blessed life that we have in Christ and his glorious redemption.

Christians, however, have often been among those who have misunderstood or misused sexuality. Some have taught or have been taught to be ashamed of sex. To lack joy and delight in the gift of sexuality within marriage is to miss God’s perfect design and provision. There is also brokenness in the global church because of failing marriages, adultery, and sexual abuse. Such sexual abuse has stained not only the church but also its leaders.

There is a need for discussion and teaching about sexuality within the church. This is utterly countercultural in some societies, where sex is not something openly discussed. Whatever its cultural situation, however, the church must take up its responsibility to teach about such topics rather than allowing its people to learn about sexuality from secular society.

Discussion and teaching about issues of sexuality should be forthright but also appropriately modest. It requires cultural sensitivity and biblical wisdom. The content of such teachings and discussions will likely challenge cultural norms. In addition to such discussion there is need for repentance, gospel renewal, mentoring, and encouragement.

Our Witness to the World regarding Sexuality

The area of sexuality and the beautiful picture presented in the Song of Solomon are opportunities to share with the world the blessed “otherness,” the holiness and beauty, of the Christian faith.

The original meaning of the word “martyr” is “witness.” This word was used in the early days of Christianity not merely for those who suffered death for the faith; it was more broadly applied to every Christian’s privilege to bear witness to Christ and the Christian faith, whether in life or death. As witnesses, Christians have the tremendous opportunity to share and to show to the world the power of the gospel of Jesus Christ and the glorious vision of a life renewed in the gospel. Such witness can be displayed to the world in each sphere of life—in finances, work, family, leisure, study, and even in sexuality.

Christians should have more accurate things to say about sex and a more rightful enjoyment of sex than anyone. This is a part of our living and visible witness to the world—that God and God’s ways are right and righteous and joy-filled. The enjoyment and the jealous protection of love are “flashes of fire, the very flame of the LORD” (Song 8:6). Through Christ, God is jealously and graciously restoring humanity. A part of that restoration is in the blessed enjoyment of and witness to God’s wonderful gift of sexuality.

2 Samuel Fact #19: Song of Deliverance

Fact: Song of Deliverance

David’s Song of Deliverance is nearly identical to Psalm 18. Perhaps 2 Samuel 22 was meant to be read aloud for instruction and Psalm 18 was meant to be sung or prayed as part of worship.

Song of Solomon Fact #4: Vineyards, fields, and palm trees

Fact: Vineyards, fields, and palm trees

Vineyards, fields, and palm trees. The Song of Solomon takes place in a rural setting, and the lovers describe each other using images drawn from this context. The man is a shepherd, and the woman works in her family’s vineyard.

Song of Solomon Fact #3: Daughters of Jerusalem

Fact: Daughters of Jerusalem

The woman addresses the daughters of Jerusalem four times throughout this book, creating a refrain that ties her “songs” together (2:7; 3:5; 5:8; 8:4). She urges them not to “stir up or awaken love until it pleases.” In other words, they should wait until the appropriate time to enjoy romantic love.

Study Notes

Song. 4:2 twins . . . not one . . . has lost its young. Her teeth are white, straight, and even.

Study Notes

Song. 4:4 tower of David. The association with David increases the sense of dignity already implied in the image of a tower. The woman’s dignity is being compared to the dignity of the tower (see Introduction: Interpreting Literary Images).

Study Notes

Song. 4:5 Fawns (young deer) refers to the youthful appearance of her two breasts. Gazelle probably refers to her appealingly sleek form.

Study Notes

Song. 4:6 Mountain and hill could be continuing the theme of the previous verse and refer to the woman’s breasts, or it may be a more general reference to her beauty. The point is that being with her is like inhaling an intoxicating fragrance.

Study Notes

Song. 4:1–7 The first part of v. 1 is repeated in v. 7, creating a section that describes the woman’s physical beauty. The description starts at the eyes and works downward. Although the word pictures are vivid, they may be hard for modern readers to understand.

Study Notes

Song. 4:8 Amana . . . Senir . . . Hermon. The man is calling to the woman from isolated, dangerous places. The term my bride (six times in 4:8–5:1) would seem appropriate only after the wedding. This probably means that this scene (4:1–5:1) also takes place in the woman’s dream, as she looks forward to what the wedding day will bring.

Study Notes

Song. 4:9 The heart is the center of one’s inner life, the place of thinking, feeling, and choosing (see Prov. 4:23).

Study Notes

Song. 4:12 A garden is a welcoming place for lovers. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, the term often described a woman’s sexuality. A spring or fountain reflects a similar concept (see Prov. 5:15–19). Notice that her garden and spring are locked, indicating that she reserves herself for the man who will be her husband.

Study Notes

Song. 4:15 The comparison to a garden fountain is extended to indicate the refreshing quality of the woman’s sexuality.

Study Notes

Song. 4:16 Awake, O north wind, and come, O south wind. The reference to the winds may reflect the man’s desire for the woman to offer an invitation to him. This is granted in the second half of the verse.

Study Notes

Song. 5:1 I came to my garden. In her dream, the man samples all that the woman offered him in 4:16. The chorus encourages him, echoing themes from 4:16–5:1.

Study Notes

Song. 5:2 The knocking she hears is in her dream. The man’s request is clear: he wants to enter the house to be with the woman. Note the urgency in his command to open, and the flood of endearing names that follows.

Study Notes

Song. 5:3 Her initial response of trivial objections is likely the kind of disorientation that one encounters in a dream, leading to the confusing episode in vv. 4–7.

Study Notes

Song. 5:4–7 She decides to let him in, but he has already left. She pursues him. The watchmen find her and beat her (contrast 3:3), leaving her bruised (5:7). If this were an actual event, it would be unclear why the watchmen did this. As part of a dream, though, it would simply be a nightmarish episode.

Study Notes

Song. 5:8 In 2:5 the man was present when the woman uttered the words sick with love. Now he is absent, so she is probably referring to her desire to be with him.

Song of Solomon Fact #3: Daughters of Jerusalem

Fact: Daughters of Jerusalem

The woman addresses the daughters of Jerusalem four times throughout this book, creating a refrain that ties her “songs” together (2:7; 3:5; 5:8; 8:4). She urges them not to “stir up or awaken love until it pleases.” In other words, they should wait until the appropriate time to enjoy romantic love.

Study Notes

Song. 5:13 Men in ancient Israel almost always had beards. The description of his cheeks as beds of spices would apply more appropriately to a beard than to skin.

Study Notes

Song. 5:14–16 The man is clearly the object of great praise in this section. The woman considers him to be altogether desirable.

Study Notes

Song. 6:1 In 5:6 the woman lamented that her beloved “had turned and gone.” Now the chorus asks her, where has your beloved gone, and where has he turned?

Study Notes

Song. 6:2 garden. See note on 4:12. The garden is his, for she has committed herself to him.

Study Notes

Song. 3:1–6:3 The Shepherdess Dreams. The woman reports her dream, which comes from her eager anticipation of the consummation of their love. That this is a dream is suggested by 3:1 and 5:2. The dream includes romantic longings, fears of losing her beloved, nightmarish scenes (5:7), and an imaginative transformation of the beloved into a Solomon-like figure (3:6–11).

Song. 5:2–6:3 This dream is caused by the woman’s desire to be with her beloved instead of being separated from him.

Song. 6:3 The lovers gladly declare that they have given themselves to each other.

Study Notes

Song. 6:4 awesome as an army with banners. Not only is she beautiful, she inspires the most profound respect.

Study Notes

Song. 6:5 The woman’s glances overwhelm the man (see 4:9).

Study Notes

Song. 6:8–9 Notice how the numbers increase from sixty to eighty to without number. The woman is without equal. All women, even royal women, praise her.

Study Notes

Song. 6:10 Dawn, moon, and sun all reflect the woman’s radiant beauty.

Study Notes

Song. 6:13 The chorus picks up on the idea of “looking” (v. 11). As she had gone down to the orchard to look, so they want her to return, that they might look upon her. Shulammite likely refers to the woman’s origin. The nature of the dance before two armies is unknown. The beloved intervenes and denies their request.

S4:165 Song of Solomon 4-6

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Dive Deeper | Song of Solomon 4-6

These beautifully poetic and romantic chapters are heart-touching and are a symbol that points ultimately to the love and delight Jesus has for his bride, the Church. This is not a one-sided love but a mutual one. "I am my beloved's and my beloved is mine" (Song of Solomon 6:3a). Both the bride and the bridegroom delight in one another, seek one another, and serve one another. They know the intricate details about each other, and they long to be in the other's presence. This is like our relationship with God! He delights to be part of every facet of our lives.

"How precious to me are your thoughts, O God! How vast is the sum of them! If I would count them, they are more than the sand. I awake, and I am still with you." (Psalm 139:17-18) Our beloved God is thinking intimately, deeply, and lovingly about us—far more than what we can even comprehend. But he did not stop at just thinking about us. Like the good shepherd, God sent his Son Jesus to seek the lost and to paid the dowry through his blood on the cross to purchase and reconcile his bride to himself. 

God created us to be in a deep, close, and intimate relationship with Him, and, despite our rejection and rebellion, he continues to choose us. Our joy and love can only be fulfilled in him, and our delight and desire for him should grow the more we begin to truly know him. Like the bride's love for the groom, our love for God increases the more time we spend thinking about and delighting in him and in his presence.

This month's memory verse

"But he was pierced for our transgressions; he was crushed for our iniquities; upon him was the chastisement that brought us peace, and with his wounds we are healed. All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned—every one—to his own way; and the Lord has laid on him the iniquity of us all.”

– Isaiah 53:5-6

Discussion Questions

1. What does it look like in your walk with Christ to spend intimate time with him?

2. List the things that you delight in about God, like his character, the ways he has blessed or pursued you, or how he describes you in Scripture.

3. While we were created to be in relationship with God, he also created us to be in relationships with others. How are you pursuing your loved ones, friends, coworkers, and neighbors? Would you say you delight in them?