June 24, 2025

We can pray and ask God to help us desire to read our Bibles.

Psalm 119

Carolyn Walker
Tuesday's Devo

June 24, 2025

Tuesday's Devo

June 24, 2025

Big Book Idea

Worship is our response to God for who He is and what He has done!

Key Verse | Psalm 119:39-40

Turn away the reproach that I dread,
for your rules are good.
Behold, I long for your precepts;
in your righteousness give me life!

Psalm 119

Chapter 119

Your Word Is a Lamp to My Feet

Aleph

1 119:1 This psalm is an acrostic poem of twenty-two stanzas, following the letters of the Hebrew alphabet; within a stanza, each verse begins with the same Hebrew letter Blessed are those whose way is blameless,
    who walk in the law of the LORD!
Blessed are those who keep his testimonies,
    who seek him with their whole heart,
who also do no wrong,
    but walk in his ways!
You have commanded your precepts
    to be kept diligently.
Oh that my ways may be steadfast
    in keeping your statutes!
Then I shall not be put to shame,
    having my eyes fixed on all your commandments.
I will praise you with an upright heart,
    when I learn your righteous rules. 2 119:7 Or your just and righteous decrees; also verses 62, 106, 160, 164
I will keep your statutes;
    do not utterly forsake me!

Beth

How can a young man keep his way pure?
    By guarding it according to your word.
10  With my whole heart I seek you;
    let me not wander from your commandments!
11  I have stored up your word in my heart,
    that I might not sin against you.
12  Blessed are you, O LORD;
    teach me your statutes!
13  With my lips I declare
    all the rules 3 119:13 Or all the just decrees of your mouth.
14  In the way of your testimonies I delight
    as much as in all riches.
15  I will meditate on your precepts
    and fix my eyes on your ways.
16  I will delight in your statutes;
    I will not forget your word.

Gimel

17  Deal bountifully with your servant,
    that I may live and keep your word.
18  Open my eyes, that I may behold
    wondrous things out of your law.
19  I am a sojourner on the earth;
    hide not your commandments from me!
20  My soul is consumed with longing
    for your rules 4 119:20 Or your just decrees; also verses 30, 39, 43, 52, 75, 102, 108, 137, 156, 175 at all times.
21  You rebuke the insolent, accursed ones,
    who wander from your commandments.
22  Take away from me scorn and contempt,
    for I have kept your testimonies.
23  Even though princes sit plotting against me,
    your servant will meditate on your statutes.
24  Your testimonies are my delight;
    they are my counselors.

Daleth

25  My soul clings to the dust;
    give me life according to your word!
26  When I told of my ways, you answered me;
    teach me your statutes!
27  Make me understand the way of your precepts,
    and I will meditate on your wondrous works.
28  My soul melts away for sorrow;
    strengthen me according to your word!
29  Put false ways far from me
    and graciously teach me your law!
30  I have chosen the way of faithfulness;
    I set your rules before me.
31  I cling to your testimonies, O LORD;
    let me not be put to shame!
32  I will run in the way of your commandments
    when you enlarge my heart! 5 119:32 Or for you set my heart free

He

33  Teach me, O LORD, the way of your statutes;
    and I will keep it to the end. 6 119:33 Or keep it as my reward
34  Give me understanding, that I may keep your law
    and observe it with my whole heart.
35  Lead me in the path of your commandments,
    for I delight in it.
36  Incline my heart to your testimonies,
    and not to selfish gain!
37  Turn my eyes from looking at worthless things;
    and give me life in your ways.
38  Confirm to your servant your promise,
    that you may be feared.
39  Turn away the reproach that I dread,
    for your rules are good.
40  Behold, I long for your precepts;
    in your righteousness give me life!

Waw

41  Let your steadfast love come to me, O LORD,
    your salvation according to your promise;
42  then shall I have an answer for him who taunts me,
    for I trust in your word.
43  And take not the word of truth utterly out of my mouth,
    for my hope is in your rules.
44  I will keep your law continually,
    forever and ever,
45  and I shall walk in a wide place,
    for I have sought your precepts.
46  I will also speak of your testimonies before kings
    and shall not be put to shame,
47  for I find my delight in your commandments,
    which I love.
48  I will lift up my hands toward your commandments, which I love,
    and I will meditate on your statutes.

Zayin

49  Remember your word to your servant,
    in which you have made me hope.
50  This is my comfort in my affliction,
    that your promise gives me life.
51  The insolent utterly deride me,
    but I do not turn away from your law.
52  When I think of your rules from of old,
    I take comfort, O LORD.
53  Hot indignation seizes me because of the wicked,
    who forsake your law.
54  Your statutes have been my songs
    in the house of my sojourning.
55  I remember your name in the night, O LORD,
    and keep your law.
56  This blessing has fallen to me,
    that I have kept your precepts.

Heth

57  The LORD is my portion;
    I promise to keep your words.
58  I entreat your favor with all my heart;
    be gracious to me according to your promise.
59  When I think on my ways,
    I turn my feet to your testimonies;
60  I hasten and do not delay
    to keep your commandments.
61  Though the cords of the wicked ensnare me,
    I do not forget your law.
62  At midnight I rise to praise you,
    because of your righteous rules.
63  I am a companion of all who fear you,
    of those who keep your precepts.
64  The earth, O LORD, is full of your steadfast love;
    teach me your statutes!

Teth

65  You have dealt well with your servant,
    O LORD, according to your word.
66  Teach me good judgment and knowledge,
    for I believe in your commandments.
67  Before I was afflicted I went astray,
    but now I keep your word.
68  You are good and do good;
    teach me your statutes.
69  The insolent smear me with lies,
    but with my whole heart I keep your precepts;
70  their heart is unfeeling like fat,
    but I delight in your law.
71  It is good for me that I was afflicted,
    that I might learn your statutes.
72  The law of your mouth is better to me
    than thousands of gold and silver pieces.

Yodh

73  Your hands have made and fashioned me;
    give me understanding that I may learn your commandments.
74  Those who fear you shall see me and rejoice,
    because I have hoped in your word.
75  I know, O LORD, that your rules are righteous,
    and that in faithfulness you have afflicted me.
76  Let your steadfast love comfort me
    according to your promise to your servant.
77  Let your mercy come to me, that I may live;
    for your law is my delight.
78  Let the insolent be put to shame,
    because they have wronged me with falsehood;
    as for me, I will meditate on your precepts.
79  Let those who fear you turn to me,
    that they may know your testimonies.
80  May my heart be blameless in your statutes,
    that I may not be put to shame!

Kaph

81  My soul longs for your salvation;
    I hope in your word.
82  My eyes long for your promise;
    I ask, “When will you comfort me?”
83  For I have become like a wineskin in the smoke,
    yet I have not forgotten your statutes.
84  How long must your servant endure? 7 119:84 Hebrew How many are the days of your servant?
    When will you judge those who persecute me?
85  The insolent have dug pitfalls for me;
    they do not live according to your law.
86  All your commandments are sure;
    they persecute me with falsehood; help me!
87  They have almost made an end of me on earth,
    but I have not forsaken your precepts.
88  In your steadfast love give me life,
    that I may keep the testimonies of your mouth.

Lamedh

89  Forever, O LORD, your word
    is firmly fixed in the heavens.
90  Your faithfulness endures to all generations;
    you have established the earth, and it stands fast.
91  By your appointment they stand this day,
    for all things are your servants.
92  If your law had not been my delight,
    I would have perished in my affliction.
93  I will never forget your precepts,
    for by them you have given me life.
94  I am yours; save me,
    for I have sought your precepts.
95  The wicked lie in wait to destroy me,
    but I consider your testimonies.
96  I have seen a limit to all perfection,
    but your commandment is exceedingly broad.

Mem

97  Oh how I love your law!
    It is my meditation all the day.
98  Your commandment makes me wiser than my enemies,
    for it is ever with me.
99  I have more understanding than all my teachers,
    for your testimonies are my meditation.
100  I understand more than the aged, 8 119:100 Or the elders
    for I keep your precepts.
101  I hold back my feet from every evil way,
    in order to keep your word.
102  I do not turn aside from your rules,
    for you have taught me.
103  How sweet are your words to my taste,
    sweeter than honey to my mouth!
104  Through your precepts I get understanding;
    therefore I hate every false way.

Nun

105  Your word is a lamp to my feet
    and a light to my path.
106  I have sworn an oath and confirmed it,
    to keep your righteous rules.
107  I am severely afflicted;
    give me life, O LORD, according to your word!
108  Accept my freewill offerings of praise, O LORD,
    and teach me your rules.
109  I hold my life in my hand continually,
    but I do not forget your law.
110  The wicked have laid a snare for me,
    but I do not stray from your precepts.
111  Your testimonies are my heritage forever,
    for they are the joy of my heart.
112  I incline my heart to perform your statutes
    forever, to the end. 9 119:112 Or statutes; the reward is eternal

Samekh

113  I hate the double-minded,
    but I love your law.
114  You are my hiding place and my shield;
    I hope in your word.
115  Depart from me, you evildoers,
    that I may keep the commandments of my God.
116  Uphold me according to your promise, that I may live,
    and let me not be put to shame in my hope!
117  Hold me up, that I may be safe
    and have regard for your statutes continually!
118  You spurn all who go astray from your statutes,
    for their cunning is in vain.
119  All the wicked of the earth you discard like dross,
    therefore I love your testimonies.
120  My flesh trembles for fear of you,
    and I am afraid of your judgments.

Ayin

121  I have done what is just and right;
    do not leave me to my oppressors.
122  Give your servant a pledge of good;
    let not the insolent oppress me.
123  My eyes long for your salvation
    and for the fulfillment of your righteous promise.
124  Deal with your servant according to your steadfast love,
    and teach me your statutes.
125  I am your servant; give me understanding,
    that I may know your testimonies!
126  It is time for the LORD to act,
    for your law has been broken.
127  Therefore I love your commandments
    above gold, above fine gold.
128  Therefore I consider all your precepts to be right;
    I hate every false way.

Pe

129  Your testimonies are wonderful;
    therefore my soul keeps them.
130  The unfolding of your words gives light;
    it imparts understanding to the simple.
131  I open my mouth and pant,
    because I long for your commandments.
132  Turn to me and be gracious to me,
    as is your way with those who love your name.
133  Keep steady my steps according to your promise,
    and let no iniquity get dominion over me.
134  Redeem me from man's oppression,
    that I may keep your precepts.
135  Make your face shine upon your servant,
    and teach me your statutes.
136  My eyes shed streams of tears,
    because people do not keep your law.

Tsadhe

137  Righteous are you, O LORD,
    and right are your rules.
138  You have appointed your testimonies in righteousness
    and in all faithfulness.
139  My zeal consumes me,
    because my foes forget your words.
140  Your promise is well tried,
    and your servant loves it.
141  I am small and despised,
    yet I do not forget your precepts.
142  Your righteousness is righteous forever,
    and your law is true.
143  Trouble and anguish have found me out,
    but your commandments are my delight.
144  Your testimonies are righteous forever;
    give me understanding that I may live.

Qoph

145  With my whole heart I cry; answer me, O LORD!
    I will keep your statutes.
146  I call to you; save me,
    that I may observe your testimonies.
147  I rise before dawn and cry for help;
    I hope in your words.
148  My eyes are awake before the watches of the night,
    that I may meditate on your promise.
149  Hear my voice according to your steadfast love;
    O LORD, according to your justice give me life.
150  They draw near who persecute me with evil purpose;
    they are far from your law.
151  But you are near, O LORD,
    and all your commandments are true.
152  Long have I known from your testimonies
    that you have founded them forever.

Resh

153  Look on my affliction and deliver me,
    for I do not forget your law.
154  Plead my cause and redeem me;
    give me life according to your promise!
155  Salvation is far from the wicked,
    for they do not seek your statutes.
156  Great is your mercy, O LORD;
    give me life according to your rules.
157  Many are my persecutors and my adversaries,
    but I do not swerve from your testimonies.
158  I look at the faithless with disgust,
    because they do not keep your commands.
159  Consider how I love your precepts!
    Give me life according to your steadfast love.
160  The sum of your word is truth,
    and every one of your righteous rules endures forever.

Sin and Shin

161  Princes persecute me without cause,
    but my heart stands in awe of your words.
162  I rejoice at your word
    like one who finds great spoil.
163  I hate and abhor falsehood,
    but I love your law.
164  Seven times a day I praise you
    for your righteous rules.
165  Great peace have those who love your law;
    nothing can make them stumble.
166  I hope for your salvation, O LORD,
    and I do your commandments.
167  My soul keeps your testimonies;
    I love them exceedingly.
168  I keep your precepts and testimonies,
    for all my ways are before you.

Taw

169  Let my cry come before you, O LORD;
    give me understanding according to your word!
170  Let my plea come before you;
    deliver me according to your word.
171  My lips will pour forth praise,
    for you teach me your statutes.
172  My tongue will sing of your word,
    for all your commandments are right.
173  Let your hand be ready to help me,
    for I have chosen your precepts.
174  I long for your salvation, O LORD,
    and your law is my delight.
175  Let my soul live and praise you,
    and let your rules help me.
176  I have gone astray like a lost sheep; seek your servant,
    for I do not forget your commandments.

Footnotes

[1] 119:1 This psalm is an acrostic poem of twenty-two stanzas, following the letters of the Hebrew alphabet; within a stanza, each verse begins with the same Hebrew letter
[2] 119:7 Or your just and righteous decrees; also verses 62, 106, 160, 164
[3] 119:13 Or all the just decrees
[4] 119:20 Or your just decrees; also verses 30, 39, 43, 52, 75, 102, 108, 137, 156, 175
[5] 119:32 Or for you set my heart free
[6] 119:33 Or keep it as my reward
[7] 119:84 Hebrew How many are the days of your servant?
[8] 119:100 Or the elders
[9] 119:112 Or statutes; the reward is eternal
Table of Contents
Introduction to The Psalms

Introduction to The Psalms

Timeline

Author and Date

Individual psalms come from diverse periods of Israel’s history, but at every stage they served as the songbook of God’s people. David wrote about half of the Psalms. His role as king was more than that of a ruler. He was to represent and even embody the people, and their well-being was tied to his faithfulness. David, then, writes as a representative, and the readers must discern whether the emphasis of a psalm is more on his role as ruler or more on his role as ideal Israelite, in which he is an example for all. The historical occasions mentioned in the psalm titles help the reader see how faith applies to real-life situations.

Key Themes

The Psalter is fundamentally the hymnbook of God’s people. It takes the basic themes of OT theology and turns them into song:

  1. Monotheism. The one God, Maker and Ruler of all, will vindicate his goodness and justice in his own time. Everyone must know and love this God, whose purity, power, wisdom, faithfulness, and unceasing love are breathtakingly beautiful.
  2. Creation and fall. Though God made man with dignity and purpose, all people since the fall are beset with sins and weaknesses that only God’s grace can heal.
  3. Election and covenant. The one true God chose a people for himself and bound himself to them by his covenant. This covenant expressed God’s intention to save his people, and through them to bring light to the world.
  4. Covenant membership. In his covenant, God offers grace to his people: forgiveness of their sins, the shaping of their lives to reflect his own glory, and a part to play as light to the Gentiles. Each member of God’s people is responsible to believe God’s promises and to grow in obeying his commands. Those who do this enjoy the full benefits of God’s love and find delight in knowing him. The well-being of God’s people as a whole affects the well-being of each member. Each one shares the joys and sorrows of the others. When believers suffer, they should not seek revenge but should pray. They can be confident that God will make all things right in his own time.
  5. Eschatology. The story of God’s people is headed toward a glorious future, in which all kinds of people will come to know the Lord. The personal faithfulness of God’s people contributes to his ultimate purpose. The Messiah, the ultimate heir of David, will lead his people in the great task of bringing light to the Gentiles.

Types of Psalms

The Psalms can be identified according to some basic categories:

Laments, which lay a troubled situation before the Lord, asking him for help. There are community (Psalm 12) and individual (Psalm 13) laments. This category is the largest by far, including up to a third of all Psalms.

Hymns of praise, which call God’s people to admire his great attributes and deeds. Examples include Psalms 8; 93; and 145.

Hymns of thanksgiving. As with laments, there are community (Psalm 9) and individual (Psalm 30) thanksgiving psalms.

Hymns celebrating God’s law (Psalm 119).

Wisdom psalms (Psalms 1; 37), which reflect themes from the Wisdom Books (Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon).

Songs of confidence, which enable worshipers to deepen their trust in God amid difficult circumstances (Psalm 23).

Royal psalms, which present the Davidic monarchy as the vehicle of blessing for God’s people. Some of these are prayers (Psalm 20), some are thanksgivings (Psalm 21). All relate to the Messiah, the ultimate heir of David, either by setting a pattern (Psalms 20–21) or by portraying the king’s reign in such a way that only the Messiah can completely fulfill it (Psalms 2; 72), or by focusing on the future (Psalm 110).

Historical psalms, which take lessons from the history of God’s dealings with his people (Psalm 78).

Prophetic hymns, which echo the Prophets, calling people to covenant faithfulness (Psalm 81).

Structure

The standard Hebrew text divides the Psalms into five “books,” perhaps in imitation of the five books of the Pentateuch.

Book 1 Psalms 1–41 Psalms 1–2 provide an introduction to the Psalms as a whole. Except for Psalms 10 and 33, the remaining psalms of Book 1 are psalms of David. Most of them are prayers of distress. Others are statements of confidence in the God who alone can save (e.g., 9; 11; 16; 18), striking the note that concludes the book (40–41). Reflections on ethics and worship are found in Psalms 1; 14–15; 19; 24; and 26.
Book 2 Psalms 42–72 Book 2 introduces the first group of psalms by the “sons of Korah” (42; 44–49; 50). There are also more psalms of David (51–65; 68–69), including most of the “historical” psalms (51–52; 54; 56–57; 59–60; 63). Once again, lament and distress dominate these prayers, which now also include a communal voice (e.g., 44; compare 67; 68). The lone psalm attributed to Solomon concludes Book 2 with a look at God’s ideal for Israel’s kings—ultimately pointing to Christ as the final great King of God’s people.
Book 3 Psalms 73–89 The tone darkens further in Book 3. The opening Psalm 73 starkly questions the justice of God before seeing light in God’s presence. That light has almost escaped the psalmist in Psalm 88, the bleakest of all psalms. Book 2 ended with the high point of royal aspirations; Book 3 concludes in Psalm 89 with these expectations badly threatened. Sharp rays of hope occasionally pierce the darkness (e.g., 75; 85; 87). The brief third book contains most of the psalms of Asaph (73–83), as well as another set of Korah psalms (84–85; 87–88).
Book 4 Psalms 90–106 Psalm 90 opens the fourth book of the psalms. It may be seen as the first response to the problems raised by Book 3. Psalm 90, attributed to Moses, reminds the worshiper that God was active on Israel’s behalf long before David. This theme is taken up in Psalms 103–106, which summarize God’s dealings with his people before any kings reigned. In between there is a group of psalms (93–100) characterized by the refrain “The LORD reigns.” This truth refutes the doubts of Psalm 89.
Book 5 Psalms 107–150 The structure of Book 5 reflects the closing petition of Book 4 in 106:47. It declares that God does answer prayer (107) and concludes with five Hallelujah psalms (146–150). In between there are several psalms affirming the validity of the promises to David (110; 132; 144), two collections of Davidic psalms (108–110; 138–145); the longest psalm, celebrating the value of God’s law (119); and 15 psalms of ascent for use by pilgrims to Jerusalem (120–134).
The Global Message of The Psalms

The Global Message of The Psalms

The Psalms are a resounding call for all God’s people and for all the world to sing! We are called to sing songs of confession and trust in God; to sing songs of thanksgiving and praise. The Psalms summon the global church to take up the cause of calling the world to join in such global and eternal songs of trust in, delight in, and worship of God for his magnificence—especially his magnificence displayed in his saving mercy.

Songs of Honest Lament

There is a surprising degree of honesty found in the prayers and songs of the Psalms. We find honest lament to God, with frequent repetition of questions such as “Why?” and “How long?” The psalmist asks in Psalm 42:9, “Why have you forgotten me?” Another psalm wonders, “Why, O LORD, do you stand far away? Why do you hide yourself in times of trouble?” (10:1; see also 88:14). “How long, O LORD?” is a frequent cry to God in the Psalms (see 6:3; 13:1; 79:5; 89:46).

Such prayers flow from desperately challenging situations, in which life feels overwhelming. Yet they also reflect the confident expectations of our honest cries to our compassionate and faithful God. The Lord invites his people worldwide to be boldly transparent before him—no masks, no pretense—even when the heart is breaking. He promises never to abandon those who belong to him.

Songs of Repentance and Trust

Songs of repentance are scattered throughout the Psalms. In such songs there are confessions of corporate sin—“Both we and our fathers have sinned; we have committed iniquity; we have done wickedness” (Ps. 106:6)—and individual songs of penitence (Psalms 6; 25; 32; 38; 51; 130; 143). These are not hopeless laments, but cries to a God who is a gracious deliverer (6:4), who deals with us according to his great love and mercy (51:1), and whose forgiveness flows from his goodness and not ours (130:3–4).

There is abundant reason to trust such a God for every good thing and in every situation (Psalm 23). To such a God we turn in times of great trouble, when we are at an utter loss in this fallen world. When enemies surround us and there is no one to help, God is our hope for deliverance (Psalm 22). Whether the desperate individual (Psalm 13) or the destitute community (Psalm 12) is in view, God is faithful to his promises. His steadfast love endures. He is worthy of our songs!

Songs of Thanksgiving and Praise

The Psalms are a divinely orchestrated hymnbook of thanksgiving and praise for God’s people. The covenant people of God return thanks to God for his wonderful deeds of deliverance, justice, and defense (Psalm 9), and for his favor and mercies (30:5, 7, 8, 10). All of this moves his people to burst into songs of joy and glad dancing (30:11–12).

In the Psalms, the people of God rejoice in all that God is and all that he has done. These songs of praise exalt God for his unsearchable greatness, his glorious splendor, and his awesome deeds (Ps. 145:3–6). He is worshiped as the King over all creation (93:1),the eternal King (10:16), the King of glory (24:8, 10), the King of all the earth (47:7), and the great King above all gods (95:3).

The Global Message of the Psalms

For all God’s people. The global message of the Psalms is that in light of God’s unfailing love and faithfulness there is a song to be sung by all God’s people everywhere—whatever their circumstances, whatever their emotions, whatever their adversity. The song to be sung will be of varied themes: lament, confession, repentance, thanksgiving, or praise to God. All of these, however, are songs of worship, expressing the universal experiences of God’s people. This is worship of God by the individual and the community, local and global, young and old (Ps. 148:12), now and forever (89:52). For a lost world filled with rebellion and sorrow, there is no greater remedy than a song that brings those who sing it to take refuge in God himself: a song for the oppressed, the hungry, the prisoner, the sojourner, the widow, and the fatherless (146:7–9).

A new song. The message of the Psalms is a call to the whole world to “Sing a new song!” “Oh sing to the LORD a new song; sing to the LORD, all the earth!” (Ps. 96:1). This is not a song of empty promises, but a song full of hope, a song exulting in the salvation of a covenant keeping and merciful God; not a song that fades, but an enduring, eternal song; a song of a God who lifts us out of mud and mire (69:2, 14).

Celebrating salvation. The book of Psalms opens with a picture of the two ways of life—the blessed and fruitful life of the one who delights in God, and the fleeting life of the wicked who (apart from God) stand condemned (Psalm 1). The world is called to set aside folly and to join in the life and song of the Redeemer, celebrating the salvation that is rooted in the sacrifice of the Savior (Psalm 22). This new song has been sung down through the ages; it continues today throughout the world; and it will one day be sung in the very throne room of God (Rev. 14:3).

Summoning the Nations

To the ends of the earth. The global church has a message for the world: join in this song! It is a celebration that will generate further praise—globally, generationally, and eternally. The church is to “declare his glory among the nations!” (Ps. 96:3). From Israel to the Christian church today to the global kingdom that will one day be known to the very ends of the earth, the redeemed of the Lord will come from every nation, tribe, people, and language, giving God thanks and celebrating his grace (Rev. 7:9).

For all nations. There is a message for the nations: “Praise the LORD, all nations! Extol him, all peoples!” (Ps. 117:1). The Lord humbles the nations (9:5, 19, 20), but he extends to all an offer of mercy and grace. One day, the nations will become Christ’s inheritance (2:8). This song begins with us but it must not end with us. There is a glorious globalization of the worship of God that we are privileged to help advance. In Christ we have found fullness of joy and pleasures forevermore (16:11). In turn we call the nations as well to be glad and sing for joy in him (67:4).

Fulfilled in Jesus. The love and mercy of God that forms the heart of the Psalms explodes onto history with the coming of Christ. It is in and through him that believers worldwide see God’s covenant faithfulness right before their eyes.

Spreading God’s glory. That glorious, global worship of God through Jesus Christ is not yet fully known or complete. Generating it is therefore our glad mission while on this earth. We will not rest till God’s glorious name is blessed forever and the whole earth is filled with his glory (Ps. 72:19).

Psalms Fact #3: How are the Psalms divided?

Fact: How are the Psalms divided?

How are the Psalms divided? The Psalms are divided into five books: 1–41; 42–72; 73–89; 90–106; 107–150. Each book ends with a “doxology,” a hymn of praise to God.

Psalms Fact #4: What was the main purpose of the Psalms for the people of God?

Fact: What was the main purpose of the Psalms for the people of God?

What was the main purpose of the Psalms for the people of God? The Psalms were the songbook of the people of God when they gathered for worship.

Psalms Fact #6: What is a psalm of lament?

Fact: What is a psalm of lament?

What is a psalm of lament? The main purpose of a psalm of lament is to tell the Lord about a difficult situation, to ask him for his help, and to praise him for helping. Some laments are community, congregational psalms. Others are individual, personal laments. One third of all the Psalms are psalms of lament.

Psalms Fact #7: How many of the Psalms were written by David?

Fact: How many of the Psalms were written by David?

How many of the Psalms were written by David? David is the author of about half of the Psalms. Other authors include Asaph, Solomon, Moses, and the sons of Korah.

Psalms Fact #9: What defined someone as an “enemy” of the people of Israel?

Fact: What defined someone as an “enemy” of the people of Israel?

What defined someone as an “enemy” of the people of Israel? The “enemies” mentioned in the Psalms (e.g., 18:17) were people hostile to the faith of God’s people. Sometimes they expressed their hatred by physically attacking the people of Israel, while other times they merely rejoiced when Israel faced misfortunes.

Psalms Fact #10: Are the Psalms poetry?

Fact: Are the Psalms poetry?

Are the Psalms poetry? The Psalms often reflect the feelings or emotions of the person who wrote the psalm. The book of Psalms includes poetry that covers all kinds of emotional feelings and experiences, from anguish and sorrow to great joy and thanksgiving.

Psalms Fact #12: How often does the NT quote from the Psalms?

Fact: How often does the NT quote from the Psalms?

How often does the NT quote from the Psalms? Of all the OT books, the Psalms and Isaiah are by far the two most widely quoted in the NT.

Psalms Fact #13: Selah

Fact: Selah

What does Selah mean? Although the word Selah is found 39 times in the book of Psalms, its exact meaning is uncertain. Most scholars believe it is a musical term or a term to be used by a worship leader, possibly to mark a pause.

Psalms Fact #20: Snares

Fact: Snares

Snares (38:12) were traps used to catch birds and animals. Some snares used ropes or nets that would be triggered as soon as the bait was touched. Pits disguised with sticks and leaves were also used as snares. In the Psalms, snares serve as symbols of danger or death at the hands of the wicked.

Psalms Fact #27: A helpful guide

Fact: A helpful guide

A helpful guide. The writers of the Psalms understood the importance of constant communication with God. They knew that God would hear their prayers, and they trusted him to act on their behalf. Believers today can benefit greatly by patterning their prayers after specific psalms.

Psalms Fact #28: Memorizing the Psalms

Fact: Memorizing the Psalms

Memorizing the Psalms. The poetic style of the Psalms make them easy to memorize. Throughout the centuries, many believers have memorized all 150 Psalms.

Psalms Fact #40: How long?

Fact: How long?

How long? This question (79:5) occurs nearly twenty times in the Psalms, more than any other question. It is almost always associated with a psalm of lament, such as Psalm 79.

Psalms Fact #64: The longest psalm

Fact: The longest psalm

Aside from being the longest psalm, Psalm 119 is also the longest and most carefully structured chapter in the Bible. The psalm is an acrostic poem of 22 stanzas, following the 22 letters of the Hebrew alphabet. Within each stanza, each verse begins with the same Hebrew letter.

Psalms Fact #65: Unique verses

Fact: Unique verses

Unique verses. Out of the 176 verses in Psalm 119, only seven lack an explicit mention of God’s Word: vv. 84, 90–91, 120, 122, 132, and 149.

Lamentations Fact #5: Lamentations

Fact: Lamentations

Lamentations contains five poems that mourn the fall of Judah and the sin that caused it. Chapters 1–3 and 4 are acrostic poems. This means that each verse starts with a different letter of the Hebrew alphabet, in alphabetical order. Psalm 119 is another example of an acrostic poem.

Structure of Psalms

Structure of Psalms

The standard Hebrew text divides the Psalms into five “books,” perhaps in imitation of the five books of the Pentateuch.

Book 1 Psalms 1–41 Psalms 1–2 provide an introduction to the Psalms as a whole. Except for Psalms 10 and 33, the remaining psalms of Book 1 are psalms of David. Most of them are prayers of distress. Others are statements of confidence in the God who alone can save (e.g., 9; 11; 16; 18), striking the note that concludes the book (40–41). Reflections on ethics and worship are found in Psalms 1; 14–15; 19; 24; and 26.
Book 2 Psalms 42–72 Book 2 introduces the first group of psalms by the “sons of Korah” (42; 44–49; 50). There are also more psalms of David (51–65; 68–69), including most of the “historical” psalms (51–52; 54; 56–57; 59–60; 63). Once again, lament and distress dominate these prayers, which now also include a communal voice (e.g., 44; compare 67; 68). The lone psalm attributed to Solomon concludes Book 2 with a look at God’s ideal for Israel’s kings—ultimately pointing to Christ as the final great King of God’s people.
Book 3 Psalms 73–89 The tone darkens further in Book 3. The opening Psalm 73 starkly questions the justice of God before seeing light in God’s presence. That light has almost escaped the psalmist in Psalm 88, the bleakest of all psalms. Book 2 ended with the high point of royal aspirations; Book 3 concludes in Psalm 89 with these expectations badly threatened. Sharp rays of hope occasionally pierce the darkness (e.g., 75; 85; 87). The brief third book contains most of the psalms of Asaph (73–83), as well as another set of Korah psalms (84–85; 87–88).
Book 4 Psalms 90–106 Psalm 90 opens the fourth book of the psalms. It may be seen as the first response to the problems raised by Book 3. Psalm 90, attributed to Moses, reminds the worshiper that God was active on Israel’s behalf long before David. This theme is taken up in Psalms 103–106, which summarize God’s dealings with his people before any kings reigned. In between there is a group of psalms (93–100) characterized by the refrain “The LORD reigns.” This truth refutes the doubts of Psalm 89.
Book 5 Psalms 107–150 The structure of Book 5 reflects the closing petition of Book 4 in 106:47. It declares that God does answer prayer (107) and concludes with five Hallelujah psalms (146–150). In between there are several psalms affirming the validity of the promises to David (110; 132; 144), two collections of Davidic psalms (108–110; 138–145); the longest psalm, celebrating the value of God’s law (119); and 15 psalms of ascent for use by pilgrims to Jerusalem (120–134).
Terms in Psalm 119 for God’s Covenant Revelation

Terms in Psalm 119 for God’s Covenant Revelation

English Hebrew Meaning
law torah instruction
testimonies ‘edot what God solemnly testifies to be his will
precepts piqqudim what God has appointed to be done
statutes khuqqim; khuqqot what the divine Lawgiver has laid down
commandments mitswot what God has commanded
rules mishpatim what the divine Judge has ruled to be right
word ’imrah; dabar what God has spoken
OT Testimony that All Are under Sin (3:9)

OT Testimony that All Are under Sin (3:9)

Romans 3 OT Reference
Sinful Condition
v. 10, none is righteous Ps. 14:3/53:3; Eccles. 7:20
v. 11a, no one understands Ps. 14:2/53:2
v. 11b, no one seeks for God Ps. 14:2/53:2
v. 12, all have turned aside; together they have become worthless; no one does good, not even one Ps. 14:3/53:3
Sinful Speech (note progression from throat to tongue to lips)
v. 13a, b, their throat is an open grave; they use their tongues to deceive Ps. 5:10, Septuagint (English, 5:9)
v. 13c, the venom of asps is under their lips Ps. 140:3
v. 14, their mouth is full of curses and bitterness Ps. 10:7
Sinful Action
v. 15, their feet are swift to shed blood Prov. 1:16/Isa. 59:7
v. 16, in their paths are ruin and misery Isa. 59:7
v. 17, and the way of peace they have not known Isa. 59:8
Summary Statement
v. 18, there is no fear of God before their eyes Ps. 36:1
Study Notes

Ps. 119:1 Blessed. See note on 1:1. blameless. See note on 15:2–5.

Study Notes

Ps. 119:2 seek. See vv. 10, 45, 94, 155. with their whole heart. See v. 10 and Deut. 4:29.

Study Notes

Ps. 119:5 The goal of the whole psalm is that each member of the congregation would share in this desire.

Study Notes

Ps. 119:18 Open my eyes. Give me insight beyond my abilities. wondrous things out of your law. Probably the great deeds recorded there and what they reveal of God himself (see v. 27; Ex. 3:20; Josh. 3:5; Ps. 78:32; 145:5).

Study Notes

Ps. 119:21 insolent, accursed ones. In the psalm, these are Israelites who reject the covenant, who wander from God’s commandments. See vv. 51, 69, 78, 85, 122; 86:14.

Study Notes

Ps. 119:23 princes. In this psalm, these are rulers among God’s people. They might use their power to control the faithful. See vv. 84, 86–87, 121–122, 134, 150, 157, 161.

Study Notes

Ps. 119:32 enlarge my heart. Or “make my heart broad.” See 1 Kings 4:29, where “breadth of heart or mind” is an expanded ability to understand God’s truth.

Study Notes

Ps. 119:36 Incline my heart. As in v. 5, the singer knows that God must supply the deepest motivation; see v. 112; also 141:4; 1 Kings 8:58.

Study Notes

Ps. 119:41 steadfast love. A recurring theme of the psalm (vv. 64, 76, 88, 124, 149, 159). It is the genuine experience of God’s grace and mercy that inspires the faithful to seek his moral guidance (see notes on 25:6–7; 25:8–11). salvation. See note on 3:2.

Study Notes

Ps. 119:57 my portion. See note on 16:5–6.

Study Notes

Ps. 119:59–60 When I think on my ways. The believer considers his own character and conduct, in order to bring them into greater obedience to God’s commandments.

Study Notes

Ps. 119:76–77 steadfast love . . . mercy. See Ex. 34:6.

Study Notes

Ps. 119:83 like a wineskin in the smoke. An unused wineskin, hanging in the rafters, becomes shriveled by the smoke. It is an image of one’s health “drying up.”

Study Notes

Ps. 119:98–100 wiser . . . more understanding . . . understand more. Because, in the setting of the psalm, neither my enemies nor my teachers nor the aged attend carefully to God’s word.

Study Notes

Ps. 119:105 lamp . . . light. See note on 112:4.

Study Notes

Ps. 119:113 double-minded. See 1 Kings 18:21. These are people who should be devoted to the Lord but who allow their loyalties to be divided. The strong terms hate and love refer not so much to emotions as to deliberate rejection and obedience. See Ps. 119:158; see also v. 118, where this reflects God’s own attitude.

Study Notes

Ps. 119:126 time for the LORD to act. When God’s law has been broken by his own people and they seem to get away with it, it seems that God is inactive. This is a prayer that he would prove his own justice for the sake of his faithful.

Study Notes

Ps. 119:129 wonderful. Far beyond merely human in their origin and excellence (see 139:6).

Study Notes

Ps. 119:130 The unfolding of your words. As they are pondered, explained, and understood, they give insight and understanding.

Study Notes

Ps. 119:155 For they do not seek implies that the cause is not God’s stinginess but their refusal.

Study Notes

Ps. 119:168 all my ways are before you. God is well aware of every detail of one’s life. This is good motivation to keep a clear conscience (Eccles. 12:14; Matt. 12:36; Acts 24:15–16).

Study Notes

Psalm Ps. 119. This psalm celebrates the gift of God’s law as the perfect guide for life. Its theme is echoed in Psalm 19 and in such wisdom psalms as 1 and 112. It is the longest psalm (and the longest chapter in the Bible, longer than many of the books) and the most carefully structured. By singing and praying this psalm, one expresses heartfelt admiration to God, who has so lovingly provided the law as a great gift for his people. One also voices a deep desire that one’s personal life would reflect the loveliness and goodness of the law. The psalm is in an acrostic pattern (see ESV footnote at 119:1). There are 22 stanzas of eight verses each, following the 22 letters of the Hebrew alphabet in order. Within a stanza, the first word of each verse begins with the letter for that stanza. The psalm uses a number of terms for God’s covenantal revelation: “law” (v. 1, instruction); “testimonies” (v. 2, what God solemnly declares to be his will); “precepts” (v. 4, what God has appointed to be done); “statutes” (v. 5, what the divine Lawgiver has laid down); “commandments” (v. 6, what God has commanded); “rules” (v. 7, what the divine Judge has ruled to be right); “word” (v. 9, what God has spoken).

Ps. 119:176 I have gone astray like a lost sheep. A humble person praying this recognizes his need for God’s grace, forgiveness, and steadfast love (see note on v. 41). He asks God to seek him. One who has received this grace will not easily forget God’s commandments.

See chart See chart
Terms in Psalm 119 for God’s Covenant Revelation

Terms in Psalm 119 for God’s Covenant Revelation

English Hebrew Meaning
law torah instruction
testimonies ‘edot what God solemnly testifies to be his will
precepts piqqudim what God has appointed to be done
statutes khuqqim; khuqqot what the divine Lawgiver has laid down
commandments mitswot what God has commanded
rules mishpatim what the divine Judge has ruled to be right
word ’imrah; dabar what God has spoken
Psalms Fact #64: The longest psalm

Fact: The longest psalm

Aside from being the longest psalm, Psalm 119 is also the longest and most carefully structured chapter in the Bible. The psalm is an acrostic poem of 22 stanzas, following the 22 letters of the Hebrew alphabet. Within each stanza, each verse begins with the same Hebrew letter.

Psalms Fact #65: Unique verses

Fact: Unique verses

Unique verses. Out of the 176 verses in Psalm 119, only seven lack an explicit mention of God’s Word: vv. 84, 90–91, 120, 122, 132, and 149.

Lamentations Fact #5: Lamentations

Fact: Lamentations

Lamentations contains five poems that mourn the fall of Judah and the sin that caused it. Chapters 1–3 and 4 are acrostic poems. This means that each verse starts with a different letter of the Hebrew alphabet, in alphabetical order. Psalm 119 is another example of an acrostic poem.

Why is Psalm 119 so long?

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Dive Deeper | Psalm 119

Throughout the ages, countless love letters, songs, and poems have been written. We get so overcome by our feelings for another that we must write or sing about it. But a poem to express one's love for God's law and Word?? And it's really long! What did the psalmist understand that I didn't? Why was he so in love with God's Word and law?

Psalm 119:32 (NIV 1984) gives us a clue: "I run in the path of your commands, for you have set my heart free." The psalmist has realized he cannot live one day without God's law or Word. It's what sustains him, strengthens him, sets him free, lights his path. 

I reread Psalm 119 several more times, and it finally popped out at me. JESUS is woven throughout Psalm 119. All the things the psalmist loved (God's Word, statutes, laws, precepts, commands, rules, and testimonies) are things that the psalmist broke or forgot on a regular basis. I know this because, like me, he was human and was a sinner. The beautiful gift is that Jesus came to fulfill the law and prophets (Matthew 5:17). He bridged the great divide that we could never cross on our own. Like the psalmist, I can't keep or even remember every command or law every moment of my life. But Jesus did, and then He took my punishment and died in my place, conquering death so I could have an eternal relationship with God and be called His daughter.

So as I read Psalm 119 again, I read it through the lens that Jesus is the Word; and Jesus fulfilled every law, command, precept, and statute. Psalm 119 has become a love song from me to Jesus, a song of gratitude and dependence.

This month's memory verse

"How can a young man keep his way pure? By guarding it according to your word. With my whole heart I seek you; let me not wander from your commandments! I have stored up your word in my heart, that I might not sin against you."

– Psalm 119:9-11

Discussion Questions

1. What would you write if you wanted to express your feelings about God to God?

2. Do you resonate with the psalmist's feelings and thoughts about God?

3. What in your life would change if your view of God was like the psalmist's view of God?