June 20, 2025
Big Book Idea
Worship is our response to God for who He is and what He has done!
Bless the LORD, O my soul!
O LORD my God, you are very great!
You are clothed with splendor and majesty.
1
Bless the LORD, O my soul,
and all that is within me,
bless his holy name!
2
Bless the LORD, O my soul,
and forget not all his benefits,
3
who forgives all your iniquity,
who heals all your diseases,
4
who redeems your life from the pit,
who crowns you with steadfast love and mercy,
5
who satisfies you with good
so that your youth is renewed like the eagle's.
6
The LORD works righteousness
and justice for all who are oppressed.
7
He made known his ways to Moses,
his acts to the people of Israel.
8
The LORD is merciful and gracious,
slow to anger and abounding in steadfast love.
9
He will not always chide,
nor will he keep his anger forever.
10
He does not deal with us according to our sins,
nor repay us according to our iniquities.
11
For as high as the heavens are above the earth,
so great is his steadfast love toward those who fear him;
12
as far as the east is from the west,
so far does he remove our transgressions from us.
13
As a father shows compassion to his children,
so the LORD shows compassion to those who fear him.
14
For he knows our frame;
1
103:14
Or knows how we are formed
he remembers that we are dust.
15
As for man, his days are like grass;
he flourishes like a flower of the field;
16
for the wind passes over it, and it is gone,
and its place knows it no more.
17
But the steadfast love of the LORD is from everlasting to everlasting on those who fear him,
and his righteousness to children's children,
18
to those who keep his covenant
and remember to do his commandments.
19
The LORD has established his throne in the heavens,
and his kingdom rules over all.
20
Bless the LORD, O you his angels,
you mighty ones who do his word,
obeying the voice of his word!
21
Bless the LORD, all his hosts,
his ministers, who do his will!
22
Bless the LORD, all his works,
in all places of his dominion.
Bless the LORD, O my soul!
1
Bless the LORD, O my soul!
O LORD my God, you are very great!
You are clothed with splendor and majesty,
2
covering yourself with light as with a garment,
stretching out the heavens like a tent.
3
He lays the beams of his chambers on the waters;
he makes the clouds his chariot;
he rides on the wings of the wind;
4
he makes his messengers winds,
his ministers a flaming fire.
5
He set the earth on its foundations,
so that it should never be moved.
6
You covered it with the deep as with a garment;
the waters stood above the mountains.
7
At your rebuke they fled;
at the sound of your thunder they took to flight.
8
The mountains rose, the valleys sank down
to the place that you appointed for them.
9
You set a boundary that they may not pass,
so that they might not again cover the earth.
10
You make springs gush forth in the valleys;
they flow between the hills;
11
they give drink to every beast of the field;
the wild donkeys quench their thirst.
12
Beside them the birds of the heavens dwell;
they sing among the branches.
13
From your lofty abode you water the mountains;
the earth is satisfied with the fruit of your work.
14
You cause the grass to grow for the livestock
and plants for man to cultivate,
that he may bring forth food from the earth
15
and wine to gladden the heart of man,
oil to make his face shine
and bread to strengthen man's heart.
16
The trees of the LORD are watered abundantly,
the cedars of Lebanon that he planted.
17
In them the birds build their nests;
the stork has her home in the fir trees.
18
The high mountains are for the wild goats;
the rocks are a refuge for the rock badgers.
19
He made the moon to mark the seasons;
2
104:19
Or the appointed times (compare Genesis 1:14)
the sun knows its time for setting.
20
You make darkness, and it is night,
when all the beasts of the forest creep about.
21
The young lions roar for their prey,
seeking their food from God.
22
When the sun rises, they steal away
and lie down in their dens.
23
Man goes out to his work
and to his labor until the evening.
24
O LORD, how manifold are your works!
In wisdom have you made them all;
the earth is full of your creatures.
25
Here is the sea, great and wide,
which teems with creatures innumerable,
living things both small and great.
26
There go the ships,
and Leviathan, which you formed to play in it.
3
104:26
Or you formed to play with
27
These all look to you,
to give them their food in due season.
28
When you give it to them, they gather it up;
when you open your hand, they are filled with good things.
29
When you hide your face, they are dismayed;
when you take away their breath, they die
and return to their dust.
30
When you send forth your Spirit,
4
104:30
Or breath
they are created,
and you renew the face of the ground.
31
May the glory of the LORD endure forever;
may the LORD rejoice in his works,
32
who looks on the earth and it trembles,
who touches the mountains and they smoke!
33
I will sing to the LORD as long as I live;
I will sing praise to my God while I have being.
34
May my meditation be pleasing to him,
for I rejoice in the LORD.
35
Let sinners be consumed from the earth,
and let the wicked be no more!
Bless the LORD, O my soul!
Praise the LORD!
1
Oh give thanks to the LORD; call upon his name;
make known his deeds among the peoples!
2
Sing to him, sing praises to him;
tell of all his wondrous works!
3
Glory in his holy name;
let the hearts of those who seek the LORD rejoice!
4
Seek the LORD and his strength;
seek his presence continually!
5
Remember the wondrous works that he has done,
his miracles, and the judgments he uttered,
6
O offspring of Abraham, his servant,
children of Jacob, his chosen ones!
7
He is the LORD our God;
his judgments are in all the earth.
8
He remembers his covenant forever,
the word that he commanded, for a thousand generations,
9
the covenant that he made with Abraham,
his sworn promise to Isaac,
10
which he confirmed to Jacob as a statute,
to Israel as an everlasting covenant,
11
saying, “To you I will give the land of Canaan
as your portion for an inheritance.”
12
When they were few in number,
of little account, and sojourners in it,
13
wandering from nation to nation,
from one kingdom to another people,
14
he allowed no one to oppress them;
he rebuked kings on their account,
15
saying, “Touch not my anointed ones,
do my prophets no harm!”
16
When he summoned a famine on the land
and broke all supply
5
105:16
Hebrew staff
of bread,
17
he had sent a man ahead of them,
Joseph, who was sold as a slave.
18
His feet were hurt with fetters;
his neck was put in a collar of iron;
19
until what he had said came to pass,
the word of the LORD tested him.
20
The king sent and released him;
the ruler of the peoples set him free;
21
he made him lord of his house
and ruler of all his possessions,
22
to bind
6
105:22
Septuagint, Syriac, Jerome instruct
his princes at his pleasure
and to teach his elders wisdom.
23
Then Israel came to Egypt;
Jacob sojourned in the land of Ham.
24
And the LORD made his people very fruitful
and made them stronger than their foes.
25
He turned their hearts to hate his people,
to deal craftily with his servants.
26
He sent Moses, his servant,
and Aaron, whom he had chosen.
27
They performed his signs among them
and miracles in the land of Ham.
28
He sent darkness, and made the land dark;
they did not rebel
7
105:28
Septuagint, Syriac omit not
against his words.
29
He turned their waters into blood
and caused their fish to die.
30
Their land swarmed with frogs,
even in the chambers of their kings.
31
He spoke, and there came swarms of flies,
and gnats throughout their country.
32
He gave them hail for rain,
and fiery lightning bolts through their land.
33
He struck down their vines and fig trees,
and shattered the trees of their country.
34
He spoke, and the locusts came,
young locusts without number,
35
which devoured all the vegetation in their land
and ate up the fruit of their ground.
36
He struck down all the firstborn in their land,
the firstfruits of all their strength.
37
Then he brought out Israel with silver and gold,
and there was none among his tribes who stumbled.
38
Egypt was glad when they departed,
for dread of them had fallen upon it.
39
He spread a cloud for a covering,
and fire to give light by night.
40
They asked, and he brought quail,
and gave them bread from heaven in abundance.
41
He opened the rock, and water gushed out;
it flowed through the desert like a river.
42
For he remembered his holy promise,
and Abraham, his servant.
43
So he brought his people out with joy,
his chosen ones with singing.
44
And he gave them the lands of the nations,
and they took possession of the fruit of the peoples' toil,
45
that they might keep his statutes
and observe his laws.
Praise the LORD!
1
Praise the LORD!
Oh give thanks to the LORD, for he is good,
for his steadfast love endures forever!
2
Who can utter the mighty deeds of the LORD,
or declare all his praise?
3
Blessed are they who observe justice,
who do righteousness at all times!
4
Remember me, O LORD, when you show favor to your people;
help me when you save them,
8
106:4
Or Remember me, O LORD, with the favor you show to your people; help me with your salvation
5
that I may look upon the prosperity of your chosen ones,
that I may rejoice in the gladness of your nation,
that I may glory with your inheritance.
6
Both we and our fathers have sinned;
we have committed iniquity; we have done wickedness.
7
Our fathers, when they were in Egypt,
did not consider your wondrous works;
they did not remember the abundance of your steadfast love,
but rebelled by the sea, at the Red Sea.
8
Yet he saved them for his name's sake,
that he might make known his mighty power.
9
He rebuked the Red Sea, and it became dry,
and he led them through the deep as through a desert.
10
So he saved them from the hand of the foe
and redeemed them from the power of the enemy.
11
And the waters covered their adversaries;
not one of them was left.
12
Then they believed his words;
they sang his praise.
13
But they soon forgot his works;
they did not wait for his counsel.
14
But they had a wanton craving in the wilderness,
and put God to the test in the desert;
15
he gave them what they asked,
but sent a wasting disease among them.
16
When men in the camp were jealous of Moses
and Aaron, the holy one of the LORD,
17
the earth opened and swallowed up Dathan,
and covered the company of Abiram.
18
Fire also broke out in their company;
the flame burned up the wicked.
19
They made a calf in Horeb
and worshiped a metal image.
20
They exchanged the glory of God
9
106:20
Hebrew exchanged their glory
for the image of an ox that eats grass.
21
They forgot God, their Savior,
who had done great things in Egypt,
22
wondrous works in the land of Ham,
and awesome deeds by the Red Sea.
23
Therefore he said he would destroy them—
had not Moses, his chosen one,
stood in the breach before him,
to turn away his wrath from destroying them.
24
Then they despised the pleasant land,
having no faith in his promise.
25
They murmured in their tents,
and did not obey the voice of the LORD.
26
Therefore he raised his hand and swore to them
that he would make them fall in the wilderness,
27
and would make their offspring fall among the nations,
scattering them among the lands.
28
Then they yoked themselves to the Baal of Peor,
and ate sacrifices offered to the dead;
29
they provoked the LORD to anger with their deeds,
and a plague broke out among them.
30
Then Phinehas stood up and intervened,
and the plague was stayed.
31
And that was counted to him as righteousness
from generation to generation forever.
32
They angered him at the waters of Meribah,
and it went ill with Moses on their account,
33
for they made his spirit bitter,
10
106:33
Or they rebelled against God's Spirit
and he spoke rashly with his lips.
34
They did not destroy the peoples,
as the LORD commanded them,
35
but they mixed with the nations
and learned to do as they did.
36
They served their idols,
which became a snare to them.
37
They sacrificed their sons
and their daughters to the demons;
38
they poured out innocent blood,
the blood of their sons and daughters,
whom they sacrificed to the idols of Canaan,
and the land was polluted with blood.
39
Thus they became unclean by their acts,
and played the whore in their deeds.
40
Then the anger of the LORD was kindled against his people,
and he abhorred his heritage;
41
he gave them into the hand of the nations,
so that those who hated them ruled over them.
42
Their enemies oppressed them,
and they were brought into subjection under their power.
43
Many times he delivered them,
but they were rebellious in their purposes
and were brought low through their iniquity.
44
Nevertheless, he looked upon their distress,
when he heard their cry.
45
For their sake he remembered his covenant,
and relented according to the abundance of his steadfast love.
46
He caused them to be pitied
by all those who held them captive.
47
Save us, O LORD our God,
and gather us from among the nations,
that we may give thanks to your holy name
and glory in your praise.
48
Blessed be the LORD, the God of Israel,
from everlasting to everlasting!
And let all the people say, “Amen!”
Praise the LORD!
1
Oh give thanks to the LORD, for he is good,
for his steadfast love endures forever!
2
Let the redeemed of the LORD say so,
whom he has redeemed from trouble
11
107:2
Or from the hand of the foe
3
and gathered in from the lands,
from the east and from the west,
from the north and from the south.
4
Some wandered in desert wastes,
finding no way to a city to dwell in;
5
hungry and thirsty,
their soul fainted within them.
6
Then they cried to the LORD in their trouble,
and he delivered them from their distress.
7
He led them by a straight way
till they reached a city to dwell in.
8
Let them thank the LORD for his steadfast love,
for his wondrous works to the children of man!
9
For he satisfies the longing soul,
and the hungry soul he fills with good things.
10
Some sat in darkness and in the shadow of death,
prisoners in affliction and in irons,
11
for they had rebelled against the words of God,
and spurned the counsel of the Most High.
12
So he bowed their hearts down with hard labor;
they fell down, with none to help.
13
Then they cried to the LORD in their trouble,
and he delivered them from their distress.
14
He brought them out of darkness and the shadow of death,
and burst their bonds apart.
15
Let them thank the LORD for his steadfast love,
for his wondrous works to the children of man!
16
For he shatters the doors of bronze
and cuts in two the bars of iron.
17
Some were fools through their sinful ways,
and because of their iniquities suffered affliction;
18
they loathed any kind of food,
and they drew near to the gates of death.
19
Then they cried to the LORD in their trouble,
and he delivered them from their distress.
20
He sent out his word and healed them,
and delivered them from their destruction.
21
Let them thank the LORD for his steadfast love,
for his wondrous works to the children of man!
22
And let them offer sacrifices of thanksgiving,
and tell of his deeds in songs of joy!
23
Some went down to the sea in ships,
doing business on the great waters;
24
they saw the deeds of the LORD,
his wondrous works in the deep.
25
For he commanded and raised the stormy wind,
which lifted up the waves of the sea.
26
They mounted up to heaven; they went down to the depths;
their courage melted away in their evil plight;
27
they reeled and staggered like drunken men
and were at their wits' end.
12
107:27
Hebrew and all their wisdom was swallowed up
28
Then they cried to the LORD in their trouble,
and he delivered them from their distress.
29
He made the storm be still,
and the waves of the sea were hushed.
30
Then they were glad that the waters
13
107:30
Hebrew they
were quiet,
and he brought them to their desired haven.
31
Let them thank the LORD for his steadfast love,
for his wondrous works to the children of man!
32
Let them extol him in the congregation of the people,
and praise him in the assembly of the elders.
33
He turns rivers into a desert,
springs of water into thirsty ground,
34
a fruitful land into a salty waste,
because of the evil of its inhabitants.
35
He turns a desert into pools of water,
a parched land into springs of water.
36
And there he lets the hungry dwell,
and they establish a city to live in;
37
they sow fields and plant vineyards
and get a fruitful yield.
38
By his blessing they multiply greatly,
and he does not let their livestock diminish.
39
When they are diminished and brought low
through oppression, evil, and sorrow,
40
he pours contempt on princes
and makes them wander in trackless wastes;
41
but he raises up the needy out of affliction
and makes their families like flocks.
42
The upright see it and are glad,
and all wickedness shuts its mouth.
43
Whoever is wise, let him attend to these things;
let them consider the steadfast love of the LORD.
Individual psalms come from diverse periods of Israel’s history, but at every stage they served as the songbook of God’s people. David wrote about half of the Psalms. His role as king was more than that of a ruler. He was to represent and even embody the people, and their well-being was tied to his faithfulness. David, then, writes as a representative, and the readers must discern whether the emphasis of a psalm is more on his role as ruler or more on his role as ideal Israelite, in which he is an example for all. The historical occasions mentioned in the psalm titles help the reader see how faith applies to real-life situations.
The Psalter is fundamentally the hymnbook of God’s people. It takes the basic themes of OT theology and turns them into song:
The Psalms can be identified according to some basic categories:
Laments, which lay a troubled situation before the Lord, asking him for help. There are community (Psalm 12) and individual (Psalm 13) laments. This category is the largest by far, including up to a third of all Psalms.
Hymns of praise, which call God’s people to admire his great attributes and deeds. Examples include Psalms 8; 93; and 145.
Hymns of thanksgiving. As with laments, there are community (Psalm 9) and individual (Psalm 30) thanksgiving psalms.
Hymns celebrating God’s law (Psalm 119).
Wisdom psalms (Psalms 1; 37), which reflect themes from the Wisdom Books (Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon).
Songs of confidence, which enable worshipers to deepen their trust in God amid difficult circumstances (Psalm 23).
Royal psalms, which present the Davidic monarchy as the vehicle of blessing for God’s people. Some of these are prayers (Psalm 20), some are thanksgivings (Psalm 21). All relate to the Messiah, the ultimate heir of David, either by setting a pattern (Psalms 20–21) or by portraying the king’s reign in such a way that only the Messiah can completely fulfill it (Psalms 2; 72), or by focusing on the future (Psalm 110).
Historical psalms, which take lessons from the history of God’s dealings with his people (Psalm 78).
Prophetic hymns, which echo the Prophets, calling people to covenant faithfulness (Psalm 81).
The standard Hebrew text divides the Psalms into five “books,” perhaps in imitation of the five books of the Pentateuch.
Book 1 | Psalms 1–41 | Psalms 1–2 provide an introduction to the Psalms as a whole. Except for Psalms 10 and 33, the remaining psalms of Book 1 are psalms of David. Most of them are prayers of distress. Others are statements of confidence in the God who alone can save (e.g., 9; 11; 16; 18), striking the note that concludes the book (40–41). Reflections on ethics and worship are found in Psalms 1; 14–15; 19; 24; and 26. |
Book 2 | Psalms 42–72 | Book 2 introduces the first group of psalms by the “sons of Korah” (42; 44–49; 50). There are also more psalms of David (51–65; 68–69), including most of the “historical” psalms (51–52; 54; 56–57; 59–60; 63). Once again, lament and distress dominate these prayers, which now also include a communal voice (e.g., 44; compare 67; 68). The lone psalm attributed to Solomon concludes Book 2 with a look at God’s ideal for Israel’s kings—ultimately pointing to Christ as the final great King of God’s people. |
Book 3 | Psalms 73–89 | The tone darkens further in Book 3. The opening Psalm 73 starkly questions the justice of God before seeing light in God’s presence. That light has almost escaped the psalmist in Psalm 88, the bleakest of all psalms. Book 2 ended with the high point of royal aspirations; Book 3 concludes in Psalm 89 with these expectations badly threatened. Sharp rays of hope occasionally pierce the darkness (e.g., 75; 85; 87). The brief third book contains most of the psalms of Asaph (73–83), as well as another set of Korah psalms (84–85; 87–88). |
Book 4 | Psalms 90–106 | Psalm 90 opens the fourth book of the psalms. It may be seen as the first response to the problems raised by Book 3. Psalm 90, attributed to Moses, reminds the worshiper that God was active on Israel’s behalf long before David. This theme is taken up in Psalms 103–106, which summarize God’s dealings with his people before any kings reigned. In between there is a group of psalms (93–100) characterized by the refrain “The LORD reigns.” This truth refutes the doubts of Psalm 89. |
Book 5 | Psalms 107–150 | The structure of Book 5 reflects the closing petition of Book 4 in 106:47. It declares that God does answer prayer (107) and concludes with five Hallelujah psalms (146–150). In between there are several psalms affirming the validity of the promises to David (110; 132; 144), two collections of Davidic psalms (108–110; 138–145); the longest psalm, celebrating the value of God’s law (119); and 15 psalms of ascent for use by pilgrims to Jerusalem (120–134). |
What was the main purpose of the Psalms for the people of God? The Psalms were the songbook of the people of God when they gathered for worship.
What is a psalm of lament? The main purpose of a psalm of lament is to tell the Lord about a difficult situation, to ask him for his help, and to praise him for helping. Some laments are community, congregational psalms. Others are individual, personal laments. One third of all the Psalms are psalms of lament.
What defined someone as an “enemy” of the people of Israel? The “enemies” mentioned in the Psalms (e.g., 18:17) were people hostile to the faith of God’s people. Sometimes they expressed their hatred by physically attacking the people of Israel, while other times they merely rejoiced when Israel faced misfortunes.
What does Selah mean? Although the word Selah is found 39 times in the book of Psalms, its exact meaning is uncertain. Most scholars believe it is a musical term or a term to be used by a worship leader, possibly to mark a pause.
Snares (38:12) were traps used to catch birds and animals. Some snares used ropes or nets that would be triggered as soon as the bait was touched. Pits disguised with sticks and leaves were also used as snares. In the Psalms, snares serve as symbols of danger or death at the hands of the wicked.
A helpful guide. The writers of the Psalms understood the importance of constant communication with God. They knew that God would hear their prayers, and they trusted him to act on their behalf. Believers today can benefit greatly by patterning their prayers after specific psalms.
Psalms 105 and 106 celebrate God’s faithfulness to his people. They recall his promises to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Those who sing the psalms should see themselves as the beneficiaries of all the amazing things God has done in the past.
What is God’s steadfast love to his people, for which Psalm 107 repeatedly says they should thank him? It is the enduring faithfulness, care, and kindness that he has promised to them. Even after their repeated disobedience, which brought his discipline, they cried out to him and he forgave them.
The standard Hebrew text divides the Psalms into five “books,” perhaps in imitation of the five books of the Pentateuch.
Book 1 | Psalms 1–41 | Psalms 1–2 provide an introduction to the Psalms as a whole. Except for Psalms 10 and 33, the remaining psalms of Book 1 are psalms of David. Most of them are prayers of distress. Others are statements of confidence in the God who alone can save (e.g., 9; 11; 16; 18), striking the note that concludes the book (40–41). Reflections on ethics and worship are found in Psalms 1; 14–15; 19; 24; and 26. |
Book 2 | Psalms 42–72 | Book 2 introduces the first group of psalms by the “sons of Korah” (42; 44–49; 50). There are also more psalms of David (51–65; 68–69), including most of the “historical” psalms (51–52; 54; 56–57; 59–60; 63). Once again, lament and distress dominate these prayers, which now also include a communal voice (e.g., 44; compare 67; 68). The lone psalm attributed to Solomon concludes Book 2 with a look at God’s ideal for Israel’s kings—ultimately pointing to Christ as the final great King of God’s people. |
Book 3 | Psalms 73–89 | The tone darkens further in Book 3. The opening Psalm 73 starkly questions the justice of God before seeing light in God’s presence. That light has almost escaped the psalmist in Psalm 88, the bleakest of all psalms. Book 2 ended with the high point of royal aspirations; Book 3 concludes in Psalm 89 with these expectations badly threatened. Sharp rays of hope occasionally pierce the darkness (e.g., 75; 85; 87). The brief third book contains most of the psalms of Asaph (73–83), as well as another set of Korah psalms (84–85; 87–88). |
Book 4 | Psalms 90–106 | Psalm 90 opens the fourth book of the psalms. It may be seen as the first response to the problems raised by Book 3. Psalm 90, attributed to Moses, reminds the worshiper that God was active on Israel’s behalf long before David. This theme is taken up in Psalms 103–106, which summarize God’s dealings with his people before any kings reigned. In between there is a group of psalms (93–100) characterized by the refrain “The LORD reigns.” This truth refutes the doubts of Psalm 89. |
Book 5 | Psalms 107–150 | The structure of Book 5 reflects the closing petition of Book 4 in 106:47. It declares that God does answer prayer (107) and concludes with five Hallelujah psalms (146–150). In between there are several psalms affirming the validity of the promises to David (110; 132; 144), two collections of Davidic psalms (108–110; 138–145); the longest psalm, celebrating the value of God’s law (119); and 15 psalms of ascent for use by pilgrims to Jerusalem (120–134). |
Creation day | Psalm 104 verses |
---|---|
Day 1 | 2a: light |
Day 2 | 2b–4: the “expanse” divides the waters |
Day 3 | 5–13: land and water distinct 14–18: vegetation and trees |
Day 4 | 19–24: light-bearers as time-keepers |
Day 5 | 25–26: sea creatures |
Day 6 | 21–24: land animals and man 27–30: food for all creatures |
Romans 3 | OT Reference |
---|---|
Sinful Condition | |
v. 10, none is righteous | Ps. 14:3/53:3; Eccles. 7:20 |
v. 11a, no one understands | Ps. 14:2/53:2 |
v. 11b, no one seeks for God | Ps. 14:2/53:2 |
v. 12, all have turned aside; together they have become worthless; no one does good, not even one | Ps. 14:3/53:3 |
Sinful Speech (note progression from throat to tongue to lips) | |
v. 13a, b, their throat is an open grave; they use their tongues to deceive | Ps. 5:10, Septuagint (English, 5:9) |
v. 13c, the venom of asps is under their lips | Ps. 140:3 |
v. 14, their mouth is full of curses and bitterness | Ps. 10:7 |
Sinful Action | |
v. 15, their feet are swift to shed blood | Prov. 1:16/Isa. 59:7 |
v. 16, in their paths are ruin and misery | Isa. 59:7 |
v. 17, and the way of peace they have not known | Isa. 59:8 |
Summary Statement | |
v. 18, there is no fear of God before their eyes | Ps. 36:1 |
Ps. 103:1–2 Each member of the worshiping congregation urges himself to bless the LORD, that is, to speak well of God for his abundant generosity. Thus forget not all his benefits is a crucial step in blessing the Lord. The body of the psalm lists these benefits in order to bring each singer to gratitude.
Ps. 103:3 Heals often refers to curing someone from a physical sickness, but it can also be used as a metaphor for restoring the moral and spiritual life (e.g., Isa. 6:10; 53:5; Jer. 3:22; Hos. 14:4). Since it is in parallel with forgives, the metaphorical use may be intended here. Thus iniquity is like diseases, which weaken and corrupt. It is God’s mercy that takes them away. These sentiments reflect David’s own experience of God’s forgiveness (see 2 Samuel 12; Psalm 51).
Ps. 103:6 Righteousness and justice are the blessings of protection from those who might cause harm (see 33:5; 97:2; Deut. 16:18; Isa. 5:7). The Lord extends these blessings to all who are oppressed, but especially to his own people (see Ps. 146:7).
Ps. 103:7 The Lord’s acts reveal his enduring commitment to his people. That is, they express his ways.
Ps. 103:8–13 The language of these verses (slow to anger, steadfast love, shows compassion) recalls Ex. 34:6, where the Lord proclaims his own name.
Ps. 103:14 he knows our frame. The Lord remembers the limitations of the human perspective (dust is not eternal or all-knowing). He is patient with his people.
Ps. 103:17–18 the steadfast love of the LORD is from everlasting to everlasting. See 25:6; 100:5. Those who fear him (compare 103:11, 13) are the same as those who keep his covenant and remember to do his commandments. They are the faithful who believe the promises and obey the commands (Ex. 19:5; Deut. 7:9; see John 14:15, 21). The faithful expect that God sets his saving love on their children’s children. This is a great privilege: though their lives are short and appear almost insignificant, they may still contribute to the future well-being of God’s people by their godly and prayerful parenting.
Psalm Ps. 103. This is a hymn of praise, celebrating the Lord’s abundant goodness and love for his people. It is the first of four psalms reflecting on God’s dealings with his people from creation to exile. Psalm 103 introduces the sequence by recalling that Israel’s survival in Moses’ time was due to God’s steadfast love. It begins with each individual singer exhorting his or her own soul to bless the Lord. It then lists the benefits that the soul should be careful not to forget. The crowning benefit is God’s enduring love to the descendants of the faithful, which leads the worshipers to encourage all the angelic hosts and all creation to join in blessing the Lord. These benefits come to the individual but benefit the wider community as well (vv. 6–14; 17–18).
Ps. 103:20–22 After listing all these benefits, the psalm returns to urging various creatures to bless the LORD, echoing vv. 1–2. He addresses the angels and mighty ones and even the material creation (all his works, in all places of his dominion; compare v. 19). The overflow of goodness and steadfast love that God’s works reveal compels his people to call on the angels and all of nature (see 19:1) to join in their celebration.
Ps. 104:1–4 The first section of the psalm sets the tone: O LORD my God, you are very great! The various images all express the magnificence of the God who made the world and continues to rule it.
Ps. 104:5–9 On the third day of creation, God separated the land and the water. The dry land is therefore a safe and suitable place for its inhabitants. The description here is more imaginative than what is given in Gen. 1:9–10.
Ps. 104:10–13 God abundantly supplies the water that the land animals depend on. Although God made the world an ideal place for human beings to live, his creation is filled with more creatures than simply the ones useful to man (e.g., wild donkeys).
Ps. 104:15 The bread serves human need. The uses of wine and oil described here are for enjoyment.
Ps. 104:14–18 God provides for all plants, domesticated animals and crops, and wild creatures. God’s care also extends to the unclean animals, such as the stork (Lev. 11:19; Deut. 14:18; see Introduction to Leviticus for “unclean”) and the rock badgers.
Ps. 104:19–24 On the fourth creation day, God appointed the celestial lights to mark off time for mankind. The lights still do what God appointed them to do. These verses help the Israelites to see the rhythm of their lives, by which they work during the day and rest at night, as part of the creation order (see note on Gen. 1:3–5) and in the context of the other animals’ activities. Man was given work to do in the garden of Eden (Gen. 2:15), but after the fall his work became tiring and painful (Gen. 3:17–18).
Ps. 104:25–26 After celebrating God’s care for the land animals, the song moves on to the open sea . . . which teems with creatures innumerable (corresponding to the fifth creation day, Gen. 1:20–23). Leviathan (see note on Ps. 74:14) here is probably a poetic name for a whale, and is therefore one of the “great sea creatures” (Gen. 1:21). The admiration continues, as the song says that God formed Leviathan to play in the sea.
Ps. 104:27–30 Each living thing on the land and sea (these all) depends on God to supply their food in due season and their very breath.
Psalm Ps. 104. The phrase “Bless the LORD, O my soul,” which opens and closes the psalm, shows that the psalm is about reasons for speaking well of God. This hymn of praise celebrates the way creation reveals God’s glory by providing so abundantly for all living things. Although it does not use many specific words from Gen. 1:1–2:3, the creation account surely influences the psalm. Genesis 1:1–2:3 uses the term “God” for the deity, stressing his role as the transcendent Creator. Psalm 104 primarily uses “the LORD,” the personal name of the covenant God of Israel, who is the same being as the majestic Creator (see note on Gen. 2:4). This psalm joins Psalm 8 as a reflection on God’s continuing commitment to, and care for, his creation.
Ps. 104:31–35 The key to the final section is the repeated “rejoice”: may the LORD rejoice in his works (what he does in caring for his creation), and I rejoice in the LORD (who shows such abundant generosity in his works). Verse 35 is the only mention of human sin in the entire psalm, though the curse on sin is implied in v. 29. Sinners and the wicked are those who reject God’s gracious rule and dwell in their rebellion. consumed from the earth. The purpose of this psalm is not to encourage hatred of human sinners, but rather hatred of all sorts of sin that harms God’s good creation. The faithful will not want to be identified with such people. They will want their own lives to be more and more in tune with the goodness of God.
Creation day | Psalm 104 verses |
---|---|
Day 1 | 2a: light |
Day 2 | 2b–4: the “expanse” divides the waters |
Day 3 | 5–13: land and water distinct 14–18: vegetation and trees |
Day 4 | 19–24: light-bearers as time-keepers |
Day 5 | 25–26: sea creatures |
Day 6 | 21–24: land animals and man 27–30: food for all creatures |
Ps. 105:1 call upon his name. An expression for seeking the Lord in public worship (see Gen. 4:26; 12:8).
Ps. 105:1–6 The congregation is invited to celebrate what the Lord has done. Gratitude comes from remembering the wondrous works that the Lord has done, particularly those on behalf of his people, the offspring of Abraham (see Gen. 15:5, 13, 18; 17:7).
Ps. 105:8 remembers his covenant forever. For this expression, see 111:5; Ex. 2:24; Lev. 26:42; Jer. 14:21. For God remembering, see note on Ps. 25:6–7. a thousand generations. See Ex. 34:7 and Deut. 7:9; see note on Ps. 100:5.
Ps. 105:10 Everlasting covenant refers to the promise that Israel will possess the land and remain as God’s people (see Gen. 17:7, 19).
Ps. 105:7–11 The next section describes in general what the Lord has done. He has displayed his judgments . . . in all the earth, and he “remembers his covenant forever.” The rest of the psalm will give specific examples to support this claim.
Ps. 105:12–15 God watches over his people. The first specific example of this comes from Genesis 20, when Abraham stayed in Gerar. When the king of Gerar took Sarah to be his wife, it would seem to have put at risk God’s promise to give Abraham a son from Sarah. But God protected the promise.
Ps. 105:15 anointed ones. God specially selected Abraham and his offspring to be his people.
Ps. 105:16–17 famine. See Gen. 41:57; 42:5. The psalm sees Joseph’s troubles with the eye of faith, saying that God had sent Joseph (see Gen. 45:5). Joseph was sold into slavery and rose to power in Egypt as an expression of God’s faithful care for his people during the famine.
Ps. 105:36 the firstborn. The tenth and climactic plague (Ex. 12:29–30). See also Ps. 78:51. For the “firstborn” as the firstfruits of all their strength, see Gen. 49:3 and Deut. 21:17.
Ps. 105:24–38 The next section recounts events from the book of Exodus, focusing on how God used Moses to lead the people out of Egypt, as he had promised (see Gen. 15:13–16).
Psalm Ps. 105. Psalm 105 is a historical psalm, like Psalms 78 and 106. It is a celebration of God’s faithful dealings with his people. It particularly remembers episodes from the Pentateuch in which the people interacted with powerful foreigners who might have harmed them: Abimelech (Genesis 20), Potiphar (Genesis 39–41), and Pharaoh (Exodus 7–14). The tone of Psalm 105 is one of gratitude (vv. 1–6). Each member of the singing congregation should recognize that he has benefited from all these great deeds that God has done. Each one should embrace his calling to live as a member of God’s holy people (vv. 43–45). Verses 28–36 recount eight of the 10 plagues sent upon the Egyptians, leaving out the fifth and sixth (Ex. 9:1–12). The psalm mentions the ninth plague first (Ps. 105:28), and has the third and fourth in reverse order (v. 31). The psalm focuses on events in the Exodus story that display God’s faithfulness.
Ps. 105:42–45 The final section rushes ahead from the events of Exodus to the time of Joshua, recalling that God remembered his holy promise to establish his people in the land.
Ps. 106:1–3 The psalm begins by calling God’s people to give thanks and to reflect on his mighty deeds. Observe justice and do righteousness at all times remind the singing congregation that their actions should reflect their faith in God.
Ps. 106:4–5 This section looks to the future, when God so blesses his faithful people (v. 3) that the Gentiles are drawn into the light (when you show favor to your people).
Ps. 106:6 Both we and our fathers have sinned. This verse is the theme of the incidents. The psalm presents the current generation as having been part of their ancestors’ sin (see note on Deut. 1:20–21; see Ezra 9:6–15; Neh. 1:5–11; Dan. 9:4–19).
Ps. 106:7–12 The first incident is from the shore of the Red Sea (Ex. 14:10–31), when the people of Israel who had followed Moses saw the pursuing army of Egypt. Their reaction was evidence of unbelieving hearts, because they did not consider God’s wondrous works and they rebelled. Nevertheless the Lord saved them for his name’s sake, so that he might make known his mighty power.
Ps. 106:13–15 Sadly, the people of Israel soon forgot God’s works and slipped back into unfaithfulness (see v. 7). They put God to the test in the desert (see Num. 14:22). The specific incident in view is Israel’s wanton craving at Kibroth-hattaavah (Num. 11:4, 31–35).
Ps. 106:16–18 The next event is the rebellion led by Dathan and Abiram (Num. 16:1–40). They apparently enlisted the Levite Korah to speak out against Moses and Aaron.
Ps. 106:19–23 The psalm moves on to the calf in Horeb, the “golden calf” (Ex. 32:1–14). They worshiped this idol because they were unfaithful (Ps. 106:21; see vv. 7, 13). Moses stood in the breach before God (an image taken from risking one’s own life to close up a gap broken in a wall; see Neh. 6:1; Ezek. 13:5), to turn away God’s wrath from destroying the Israelites (Ex. 32:11–14).
Ps. 106:24–27 The sad list now moves to what happened when the 12 spies returned from their mission to scout out the land that God had promised (Num. 13:32–14:38). Ten of them gave a bad report, which led Israel to give in to fear. As a result, they refused God’s command to enter the land to conquer it (Ps. 106:24). This section closes with a worrying indication about the singers’ current situation: just as God made the Israelites fall in the wilderness, so he would make their offspring fall among the nations, scattering them among the lands (see v. 47).
Ps. 106:28–31 Next is the time when the Israelites yoked themselves to the Baal of Peor (Num. 25:1–15). It took the prompt and drastic action of Phinehas to stop the plague that broke out among the Israelites as a result of God’s anger (see note on Num. 25:7–8). counted to him as righteousness. God considered Phinehas’s deed as an act of covenant faithfulness.
Ps. 106:32–33 At the waters of Meribah the people complained about lack of water and accused Moses of bringing them out of Egypt to die. Their unbelief led Moses to speak rashly (that is, to become careless about acting by faith). He lost his right to enter the Promised Land because of it.
Ps. 106:6–46 This is a list of incidents that begins at the shore of the Red Sea (vv. 7–12) and ends during the time of the judges (vv. 34–46).
Ps. 106:34–46 The psalmist refers to the recurring pattern in Judg. 2:11–3:6, in which the people of Israel did not destroy the peoples in Canaan (disobeying what the LORD commanded them). Instead they mixed with the nations (especially by intermarriage, Judg. 3:6; see Ezra 9:2) and learned to do as they did (Ps. 106:34–35). Hence the anger of the LORD was kindled against his people, and he gave them into the hand of the nations (vv. 40–41; see Judg. 2:14). The stunning thing about the period of the judges is the opposing themes: many times he delivered them while yet they were rebellious in their purposes (Ps. 106:43). Nevertheless God looked upon their distress (v. 44) and kept coming to their aid. The expressions remembered his covenant and the abundance of his steadfast love (v. 45, a reference to Ex. 34:6) look back to Ps. 106:7. This puts the faithful Lord in stark contrast with the unfaithful people. In keeping with Solomon’s prayer (1 Kings 8:50), God caused his repentant people to be pitied by all those who held them captive (Ps. 106:46), and he restored them.
Psalm Ps. 106. This historical psalm (see notes on Psalms 78 and 105) retells a series of events from Israel’s history to illustrate God’s steadfast love in the face of Israel’s rebellion and unfaithfulness. The events occurred during Israel’s time in the wilderness (Exodus and Numbers) and when Israel repeatedly rebelled against the Lord after Joshua’s death (Judges). All of the episodes are instances of the whole people being unfaithful. In each instance God continues to maintain this people and to create conditions in which holiness can flourish. The focus is therefore on corporate unfaithfulness and forgiveness. The psalm begins by calling on the people to give thanks and praise to God (Ps. 106:1–3). It ends in a prayer that the God who has shown such patience will once again deliver his people, apparently this time from exile (v. 47). In view of the ending, it is best to call this psalm a community lament.
Ps. 106:48 This doxology closes Book 4 of the Psalms. Praise the LORD! echoes the opening phrase of 106:1. In view of what this list of events establishes about God’s faithfulness, blessed be the LORD indeed. All the people should say, “Amen!”
Psalms 105 and 106 celebrate God’s faithfulness to his people. They recall his promises to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Those who sing the psalms should see themselves as the beneficiaries of all the amazing things God has done in the past.
Ps. 107:1–3 The opening section states the purpose of the psalm (the call to give thanks to the LORD) and the theme (his steadfast love endures forever). The specific occasion is that God has redeemed his people and gathered them in from the lands (that is, from exile; see 106:47).
Ps. 107:4–9 This is the first group of those who were banished from the land as a result of the exile. Some of the exiles wandered in desert wastes, such as the Sinai Desert (see 106:14; Deut. 32:10). finding no way to a city to dwell in. Their proper home was the Promised Land, but God had sent them away. When they cried to the LORD, God delivered them, bringing them to a city to dwell in.
Ps. 107:10–16 The next group of exiles sat in darkness and in the shadow of death. These people suffered as captives (prisoners) and forced laborers (hard labor, v. 12) because they had rebelled against the words of God. But even though they rejected God’s covenant by their rebellion, God still heard and rescued them (v. 14; see v. 10).
Ps. 107:17–22 Some of the exiles were fools through their sinful ways. Their own folly, which resulted from their turning away from God, brought on their affliction. Nevertheless God heard and relieved them when they cried to the LORD in their trouble. Healed them is not merely physical but includes their return to the Promised Land.
Ps. 107:23–32 The fourth group consisted of sailors caught in a storm. If these were exiles, they were sailing in the service of a foreign king. As the storm increased in its fury, they cried to the LORD in their trouble, and God made the storm be still. These people have returned to the Promised Land, where they can extol God in the congregation.
Ps. 107:33–42 God displayed his righteousness by restoring Judah after the exile.
Psalm Ps. 107. With this psalm the members of the community call one another to give thanks for God’s enduring “steadfast love.” He has shown this to the people as a whole but also to individual members. The distinctive feature of this psalm is its four accounts of people in distress (“some,” vv. 4, 10, 17, 23), whom God rescued. Because the psalm concerns gratitude for Judah’s return from exile (v. 3), it is likely that these four accounts describe the activities of the Judahites in their exile. After the initial invitation to “give thanks to the LORD” (v. 1), the psalm describes how each of the four groups cried to the Lord in their trouble, and he delivered them. The psalm calls on them to thank the Lord.
Ps. 107:43 The final verse invites whoever is wise (that is, those who desire to live in a godly way) to attend to these things. They are to pay attention to the many ways in which God has displayed his steadfast love. Knowing God’s love will increase one’s wisdom.
What is God’s steadfast love to his people, for which Psalm 107 repeatedly says they should thank him? It is the enduring faithfulness, care, and kindness that he has promised to them. Even after their repeated disobedience, which brought his discipline, they cried out to him and he forgave them.
Why do believers gather and study God's Word? One main reason is to reflect and remember all God has done for us so that we would be drawn to worship Him for His glorious works and saving grace. After meditating on these five psalms, an appropriate response would be to praise the Lord for who He is and all He's done.
Psalm 103 concentrates on God's great love for us: He forgives our sins, heals disease, crowns us with love and compassion, and satisfies us with good things. "[T]he wages of sin is death" (Romans 3:23), but the Lord does not treat us as we deserve. David gives us a glimpse of the gospel, illustrating how God removes our transgressions as far as the east is from the west.
Psalm 104 describes the Lord making the clouds His chariot and riding on the wings in the wind. He is the CREATOR and SUSTAINER of everything on earth.
We reflect on God as our PROVIDER in Psalm 105, covering events from Abraham to the Exodus. But how quickly we forget! Psalm 106 recaps man's sinfulness after the Exodus. We have sinned just as our ancestors have, and we all need a Savior. As God's people were in the desert, they gave in to their cravings, grew jealous of Moses and Aaron, and worshiped false gods. It's easy for me to judge the Israelites; how could they act like this when they personally witnessed God's deliverance? However, I am guilty of this even today. God blesses me immensely, and then I think I can do things on my own.
God created each of us differently, and we have different stories. As believers, we've been rescued and redeemed by Jesus Christ. He doesn't want us to hide our testimony because He can use it for His glory! Psalm 107 covers four types of people in distress and how the Lord restores them: Wanderers, prisoners, the sick, and the storm-tossed. Everyone can relate to one of these groups over the course of life. In Prison Ministry, I witness firsthand how God is bringing those behind bars into His marvelous light.
This month's memory verse
"How can a young man keep his way pure? By guarding it according to your word. With my whole heart I seek you; let me not wander from your commandments! I have stored up your word in my heart, that I might not sin against you."
1. How does remembering what God has done in history encourage you?
2. When you look at God's creation, where do you find His majesty on display most clearly? Does reflecting on His creation draw you to worship Him often?
3. Israel's deliverance from Egypt was a result of God's grace and mercy. Why was that important for the people to remember? In what ways do you need to rely more on God's grace and mercy?
4. How do the Israelites' repeated cycle of rebellion and God's forgiveness resonate with your personal life?
5. Psalm 107 is filled with examples of how God has delivered and saved His people. Which of the four groups in Psalm 107 can you relate to most?